characteristcs of society and impacts on sporting recreation

Question 1

name the characteristic of the industrial society.

Answer 1

• urbanisation
• changing roles of women
• churches
• improved transport
• amerturism vs proffesionalism
• improved transport & communication
• influence of public schools and universities
• development of the british empire
• local authorities
• factories

Question 2

describe the benefits of the development of communication in industrial and post-industrial britain.

Answer 2

Literacy improved
—> meant that printed media improved so knowledge and awareness of sport improved. media example: bells weekly- advertised sport & published results
—> this meant sport was easier to follow and allowed local teams to have a fan base
—> this lead to the emergence of role models and sporting heroes so people could follow their favourite athletes
—> this meant that there was more participation levels and more attention was brought to sports.

Question 3

describe the benefits of the development of transport in industrial and post-industrial britain.

Answer 3

—> movement of team spectators; enabled fast & further travel which lead to nation wide fixtures that became regular
—> improved access to country side; a nationwide railway allowed sport to develop from local to regional which formed leagues involving clubs everywhere - e.g. the FA formed in 1863 which were advertised by media
—> cheaper train travel; meant that it was more affordable for working class to follow their teams and support their heroes at home and away fixtures.
—> improved access; sports such as rambling became popular as rural areas were reachable and affordable to travel to via train.

Question 4

what is urbanisation?

Answer 4

large numbers of people moving from rural areas to towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories.

Question 5

describe why urbanisation in the industrial period had a huge impact on the development of sport.

Answer 5

—> lack of space; in cities, space was at premium. this led to the development of purpose built facilities. e.g. football grounds
—> large working-class population; working-class people need entertaining, resulting in mass spectator numbers at football and rugby matches for the first time.
—> loss of traditional sport; many traditional working-class sports such as mob games were banned in a civilised urban society, so there was a need for new sports to emerge
—> gradual changes in working conditions - meaning more free time for sport attendance.

Question 6

explain why the gradual improvement of factory conditions benefited sport in industrial Britain.

Answer 6

initially, jobs were paid poorly and there were long working hours, dangerous working conditions and people were living in savage conditions due to the low pay.

as this improved, factory teams were created sponsoring sports and there was more free time for individuals to spectate and participate in sport.

broken time payments was also created at the start of professionalism which was when factory owners allowed workers to play sport in time off working hours - this meant they could grow their reputation as well as getting an income.

Question 7

describe how the influence of the church benefited sport during industrial and post industrial sport.

Answer 7

—> improved behaviour; through civilised activities diverting people away from less socially acceptable activities such as drinking and gambling.
—> provided facilities; such as church halls and playing fields for ‘improving the morality’ of the working classes.
—> sport was a good way of promoting christian values.
—> the development of societies such as the YMCA promoted the healthy body/mind link.
—> it gave more opportunities for sporting involvement; by organising teams, setting up clubs and organising competitions
—> many modern day football clubs have their origins traceable to church organisations e.g. Aston Villa.