Chapters Seven, Eight, Nine

Question 1

most important neurotransmitter in desire

Answer 1

dopamine

Question 2

3 related brain areas for liking

Answer 2

nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, orbitofrontal cortex

Question 3

ventral pallidum

Answer 3

attachment after 20 years

Question 4

ventral tegmental area

Answer 4

new love

Question 5

raphe nucleus

Answer 5

longtime lovers; calm

Question 6

4 nuclei in amygdala

Answer 6

central, corticomedial, lateral, basal

Question 7

lateral, basal nuclei

Answer 7

hearing and vision

Question 8

threat pathway

Answer 8

corticomedial amygdala to hypothalamus to periaqueductal gray area

Question 9

Urbach Wiethe Disease

Answer 9

Patient SM

Question 10

rods and cones connect to ____________ cells

Answer 10

bipolar

Question 11

each cone

Answer 11

one bipolar cell, one ganglion cell

Question 12

several rods

Answer 12

share bipolar/ganglion cells

Question 13

lateral geniculate nucleus is where?

Answer 13

thalamus

Question 14

ventral

Answer 14

what

Question 15

dorsal

Answer 15

where/how

Question 16

inferior temporal cortex

Answer 16

meaningful objects/faces

Question 17

V5

Answer 17

middle temporal cortex

Question 18

Medial Superior Temporal Cortex

Answer 18

expansion, contraction, rotation

Question 19

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 19

part of the hypothalamus; located next to optic chiasm

Question 20

messages sent by

Answer 20

special ganglion cells with photopigment called melanopsin

Question 21

production of proteins

Answer 21

start to rise when sun sets

Question 22

stage 1 sleep

Answer 22

falling asleep; brain waves similar to REM sleep; eye movement more similar to stage 2

Question 23

stage 2

Answer 23

“light sleep”; sleep spindles, K-complexes

Question 24

Slow Wave Sleep

Answer 24

no reported brain activity/ slow, large amplitude waves, synchronicity

Question 25

sleep spindle interactions b/t

Answer 25

thalamus and cortex

Question 26

REM sleep

Answer 26

paradoxical sleep; memory consolidation and dreams

Question 27

pons and medulla

Answer 27

increase GABA, causing atonic

Question 28

reticular formation releases __________

Answer 28

GABA (sleepy), acetylcholine, glutamate, dopamine (arousal)

Question 29

locus coeruleus releases _____________

Answer 29

norepinephrine

Question 30

hypothalamus releases _______________

Answer 30

histamine (inc arousal), orexin (stabilizes arousal)

Question 31

narcolepsy

Answer 31

frequent sleepiness during day, caused by orexin deficit in hypothalamus

Question 32

four main symptoms of narcolepsy

Answer 32

attacks of sleepiness, cataplexy (muscle weakness), sleep paralysis (inability to move when falling asleep/waking up), hypnogogic hallucinations

Question 33

insomnia

Answer 33

inadequate sleep, most common sleep disorder

Question 34

sleep apnea

Answer 34

type of insomnia caused by impaired breathing; treated with CPAP machine

Question 35

night terrors

Answer 35

awakening with intense anxiety and usually screaming from NREM sleep