Chapter Five

Question 1

synapse

Answer 1

the space between the axon terminal (presynaptic neuron) and the dendrite (postsynaptic neuron)

Question 2

Who coined the word “synapse”?

Answer 2

Charles Scott Sherrington

Question 3

Sherrington studied _______________ in ____________.

Answer 3

reflexes; dogs

Question 4

temporal summation

Answer 4

multiple signals from one axon

Question 5

spatial summation

Answer 5

single signal from multiple axons

Question 6

EPSP

Answer 6

excitatory postsynaptic potential. It is graded.

Question 7

IPSP

Answer 7

inhibitory postsynaptic potential. Makes action potential less likely

Question 8

spontaneous firing rate

Answer 8

most neurons fire periodically; why a single action potential is usually not enough

Question 9

frog guy

Answer 9

Loewi

Question 10

frog experiment

Answer 10

vagus nerve to slow down heart; collected fluid from around the heart, then injected it into 2nd frog. slowed down 2nd frog’s heart rate.

Question 11

frog experiment part 2

Answer 11

accelerator nerve to speed up heart; collected fluid, injected it into 2nd frog’s heart. sped up 2nd frog’s hr.

Question 12

Neuron synthesizes neurotransmitters where?

Answer 12

axon terminal

Question 13

action potential allows what into terminal and what pushes neurotransmitters into gap?

Answer 13

calcium (Ca++)

Question 14

used for catecholamine synthesis

Answer 14

phenylalanine

Question 15

ionotrophic

Answer 15

lock and key

Question 16

excitatory ionotrophic chemicals

Answer 16

glutamate; sodium inside

Question 17

inhibitory ionotrophic chemicals

Answer 17

GABA, Cl- inside

Question 18

metabotrophic

Answer 18

G-protein (2nd messenger)

Question 19

negative feedback

Answer 19

several mechanisms can stop/slow down neuron A from sending too many neurotransmitters to neuron B

Question 20

chemicals to slow down how much neurotransmitter is released from neuron A

Answer 20

neuron B sends nitric oxide, hydrogen, anandamide, and/or 2-AG