Chapters Eleven & Thirteen | Failure to Reach Settlement Flashcards
What were the main differences between the Political Presbyterians and Political Independents?
Presbyterians = more moderate, opposed religious toleration & favoured a negotiated peace w/ the king
Independents = more radical, wanted religious toleration & only willing to settle w/ king and disband NMA if Charles accepted limitations to power
What were the Newcastle Propositions?
The Political Presbyterian’s plan for settlement, published in July 1646
What did the Newcastle Propositions call for?
The establishment of Presbyterianism for 3 years & the Triennial Act to remain (guaranteeing regular Parliaments to limit Charles’ power)
Why did the New Model Army become politicised?
The Newcastle Propositions sought to demolish the NMA, before their wages were paid (£3m arrears), Holles’ ‘Declaration of Dislike’ referred to army petitioners as ‘enemies to the state’ & Parliament had not passed an indemnity act (so they faced the possibility of being charged w/ offences committed during the war)
When did Charles finally accept the Newcastle Propositions, and why did this incense the New Model Army?
Charles accepted Presbyterianism & Parliamentary control of militia for 10 years in May 1647 - but, these concessions incensed the NMA because they felt they were too lenient and Charles couldn’t be trusted
Through what documents did the New Model Army express itself?
On 14 June 1647, ‘A Representation of the Army’ outlined the NMA’s political position, calling for future Parliaments of fixed duration & an extension of religious freedom
What was the NMA’s plan for settlement?
The Heads of the Proposals - published on 2 Aug 1647
What were the main points of the Heads of the Proposals?
Regular Parliaments & religious settlement maintaining the national Church w/ bishops, but no coercive power
What was ‘The Engagement’?
Charles agreed to 3 years of Presbyterianism in England in exchange for the Scot’s help in restoring him to power - in Dec 1647
What was the Vote of No Addresses?
After ‘The Engagement’, Parliament passed the Vote of No Addresses - stating that there would be no further negotiations w/ Charles
What was significant about the Windsor prayer meeting?
Preachers declared that Charles was the ‘man of blood’, responsible for the bloodshed of the Civil Wars
What was the Windsor prayer meeting?
The NMA gathered at Windsor to pray before facing their enemies - In Apr 1648
What events led to the Royalist defeat?
Cromwell and Lambert defeated Scottish Royalist troops in Aug 1648 & secured anti-Engager power while in Edinburgh
Why was Charles I chiefly responsible for the failure to secure a post-war settlement?
Unwilling to negotiate w/ Parliament or make any concessions - his stalled response to the Newcastle Propositions, rejection of the Four Bills & refusal to come to settlement even at the prospect of execution, indicates this stubbornness
Why was the division between Parliament and the army responsible for the failure to secure a post-war settlement?
The religious, political & economic divisions between Parliament and the army resulted in conflicting plans for settlement - making it difficult to negotiate w/ Charles on the terms of these.
