Chapters 9-15 Review Flashcards
Andrew Jackson
- 7th president
- served in the Tennessee Supreme Court
- fought in the Battle of New Orleans( gained him national fame)
- caused the Panic of 1837
Banking Crisis
- The Bank War:
- Jackson vs. president of Bank of the US over its recharter
- Jackson vetoes recharter; banks shut down
- Panic of 1837:
- a financial collapse which lasted 7 years
- caused by speculative purchases of public land and Jackson’s Specie Circular
- causing 40% of banks to fail, businesses closing and mass unemployment
Dorr Rebellion
- a brief, violent uprising in Rhode Island in 1841-1842 that sought to broaden democracy in the state
- leaders: Thomas Wilson Dorr
Calhoun and Nullification
- he and most southerners hated the Tariff of 1828; they blamed the Tariff but it’s really their exhausted lands for the lack of economic growth
- started talking about succession
Martin Van Buren
Was Jackson’s Sec of state and influenced Jackson greatly. Because he accepted Eaton and his wife, Buren gained favor of Jackson while evaporating Calhouns chances of presidency
Nullification Crises
The crisis was a result of the Tariff of 1828, which raised taxes on imported goods to protect American manufacturing. The tariff was unpopular in the South, which blamed it for an economic depression
Van Buren and the Panic of 1837
- Jackson destabilizes the economy by killing the Bank of the US
- the Panic triggered a severe depression causing widespread unemployment and bank failures which really hurt the public
- Van Buren went for the hand-off approach which gained him immense criticism as it was ineffective; this led him to lose the 1840 election
Hard money vs. Soft money
- Hard money; gold silver
- Soft money; paper money
Five Civilized Tribes
- Cherokee, Chickasaw, Chocktaw, Creek, and Seminole
- had adopted the white way: farmers had thriving economies, some even had slaves; women in domesticated roles, the men stopped hunting and tended to the farms
Indian Removal Act
- White pressure to remove the Indians and open up their land to settlers with the driving force; Congress passes the act in 1830
- supreme Court side with the Indians. Winning Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831) and Worchester vs. Georgia (1832); Jackson responded to the court decision saying “John Marshall has made his decision now let him enforce it”. Supreme Court ruling ignored an Indians are removed.
American System
An economic plan proposed by Clay in 1815, which aimed to promote national economic growth throughout three key components: a protective tariff on imported goods, a national bank to manage finances and federal funding for infrastructure improvements, like roads and canals
Aroostook War
- Why: a border dispute between Maine and Canada
- Crede incident: slaves took over a slave ship and sailed to the British Bahamas. The British set the slave free; Southerners are mad.
Webster Ashburton Treaty 1842
- established a permanent boundary between Canada and Maine
- British promise to leave American shipping alone
Biggest Immigration Groups(1840s- 1860s)
Irish, German and Asian
The Great Triumvirate
A group of three politicians who dominated politics: Daniel Webster, Henry, Clay and John C Calhoun
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Tell the story of slaves, and their living conditions and treatment opening the eyes of the north to the evil of slavery
Manifest destiny (1840s)
- a belief that America was destined to expand because it was their God-given right. Many advocates say we’re bringing American liberty to new areas that were oppressed.
- critics say it was cultural genocide as those new areas do not fit into the American way such as the Indians
California Gold Rush
- discovered in 1848 James Marshall found gold at John Sutter sawmill in the American River
- summer of 1848. The news spread to the east; 14,000 to 220,000 people in 1852
- San Francisco de populated:everyone going to the goldfields; mostly men no women
- money through caution to the wind, looking for gold
- Chinese came in, establishing their culture and few found gold but many profited from businesses like laundry
Republican Party
The Republican Party came out out of the Free Soil party
Migration Roots out West
- major route with the Oregon Trail: 2000 miles long 5 to 6 months
- Santa Fe Trail, move people to the southwest
- California Trail split off the Oregon Trail and brought people to California
The Pillars of the Texas independence movement
Centralization of power:
- the Mexican governments centralization of power in Mexico City challenge the autonomy of the Texan colonists
Abolishing the constitution of 1824
- election of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna as president of Mexico in 1833 led to the abolishing of the constitution of 1824 causes Mexican Civil War and the Texan independence movement
Texas Declaration of Independence:
- Issued in 1836 and claimed that the Mexican government had ceased to protect them
Battle of San Jacinto:
- April 21, 1836 Sam Hudson‘s army force Santa Ana to sign a treaty granting Texas is independence
- 1845 Texas became the 28th state
Dred Scott
Dred Scott was a slave and when his master died, he sued his masters wife for freedom. He was free, but only to meet immediately put back into slavery when the masters brother claimed ownership of Scott which the courts allowed because of the fifth amendment.
Clara Barton
She was an American humanitarian nurse and founder of the American Red Cross in 1881
John Brown and Harpers Ferry
It was a raid in 1859 attempting to start a slave uprising in the southern states
