Chapters 9, 15-18 Flashcards
What 2 things commonly lead to shock?
Low blood pressure
Tachycardia
The body is not getting enough blood flow; Extreme reaction to illness
Shock
Loss of intravascular fluid
Hypovolemic shock
The heart is damage so much by an MI but cannot pump enough blood to the rest of the body
Cardiogenic shock
Severe allergic reaction that causes vasodilation; The blood pools in the extremities
Anaphylactic shock
What 2 medications are commonly given for anaphylactic shock?
Epinephrine
Benadryl
Another name for a heart attack
Myocardial infarction
Interruption of blood to the brain
Stroke
What are the two types of CVAs?
Ischemic
Hemorrhagic
Patients heart stops beating; use chest compressions hard and fast
Cardiac arrest
Patient stops breathing
Respiratory arrest
Heart muscles quivering and not sending blood; use defibrillator
Ventricular fibrillation
An unsystematic discharge of neurons
Seizure
Fainting spells
Syncope
Part of a cell that the drug binds to
Receptor
Drugs that produce an effect when it binds to a cell
Agonist
Drugs that prevent an affect when it binds to a cell; “blocking drugs “
Antagonist
3 categories that medications are classified by
Their name
Motive action
Prescription/non-prescription
The study of drugs
Pharmacology
The study of what the body does to the drug
Pharmacokinetics
What are the 4 pharmacokinetics?
Absorbs it
Distributes it
Metabolizes it
Excretes it
The study of what the drug does to the body
Pharmacodynamics
What are the two routes of administration for medication?
Local medications
Systemic medications
Where are the 4 major routes of administering systemic drugs?
Oral
Rectal
Sublingual
Parenteral
Injection into the spine
Intrathecal
The introduction of a fluid through a vein
Intravenous therapy
What are 2 ways drugs can be administered via a vein?
Central
Peripheral
Refers to vena cava
Central
Refers to the veins of the extremities
Peripheral
Inside a blood vessel
Intravascular
Contrast agents that attenuate less radiation and have a low atomic number
Negative contrast agents
Include iodine and barium
Positive contrast agents
Have high atomic numbers and attenuates more radiation
Positive contrast agents
Water
Solvent
Water with “things “dissolved in it
Solution
“Things “in the solution
Solute
What is whole blood made of?
Plasma
Blood cells
Breaks apart into ions
Ionic iodine–based contrast media
Does not break apart; not as hyperosmolar
Nonionic iodine-based contrast media
Does non-ionic have iodine in it?
Yes
Amount of “things “in the iodine
Osmolarity
What is the osmolarity of non-ionic?
300-484 mOsm/kg water
Osmolarity of plasma
280-295 mOsm/kg water
What made the contrast media concentration radiopaque?
Iodine atoms
Stickiness
Viscosity
What does higher viscosity require?
Higher injection pressures
The ability of the contrast to mix with the blood
Miscibility
What is the route of elimination of the iodine contrast?
Urinary system
What are the 3 main types of reaction that can occur after injection?
Overdose
Anaphylactic
Drop in blood pressure
Caused by hyperosmolarity
Drop in blood pressure
Do the cells of the heart emit electricity?
Yes
The natural pacemaker of the heart
SA node
Which group of cells in the heart generates the electrical signal?
SA node
Where is the SA node located?
In the right atrium of the heart
The heart is beating normally and the impulse is originating in the SA node as it should
Normal sinus rhythm
What causes the heart to contract?
The electrical signal that travels through the heart
Represents atrial contraction
P wave
Represents ventricular contraction
QRS complex
Pumps blood into the pulmonary arteries
Right ventricle
Pumps blood into the aorta
Left ventricle
Represents ventricular relaxation
T wave
When is it okay to shock patient?
Ventricular fibrillation
When will shocking the patient not work?
Asystole
When do you use chest compressions and epinephrine?
Asystole
No P wave
Atrial fibrillation
What does STEMI stand for?
S-T-Elevated-M-I
What is the most important part of analyzing an ECG strip?
The ST segment
