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Psychology > Chapters 9-12 - UNIT TEST - Notes > Flashcards

Chapters 9-12 - UNIT TEST - Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Syntax

A

The rules for arranging words and symbols to form sentences or parts of sentences in a particular languages

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2
Q

Grammar

A

The entire set of rules for combining symbols and sounds to speak and write a particular language

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3
Q

What stage of life does language learning begin?

A

The womb

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4
Q

The ability to understand words develops slightly before the ability to produce words also know as this 3 word phrase

A

COMPREHENSION precedes PRODUCTION

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5
Q

Proto Language is also known as:

A

Pre-language

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6
Q

Language develops in what 5 stages?

A

1) Cooing
2) Babbling
3) 1-word utterances
4) 2-word utterances
5) Sentence phase

Connie banishes 1 or 2 sandwiches

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7
Q

What age is the cooing stage of language?

A

0-6 months

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8
Q

What age is the babbling stage of language?

A

5-6 months

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9
Q

What age is 1-word utterances language stage?

A

12 months

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10
Q

What age is the 2 word utterance stage of language?

A

18 months

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11
Q

What age is the sentence phase of language?

A

2 1/2 - 3 years old

(Toddler age)

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12
Q

If someone’s language is never able to develop… What happened?

A

They were not exposed to human language during their language sensitivity period while they were young

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13
Q

What age as neural pruning and neural wiring reached its peak?

A

12

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14
Q

Sociocultural Theories emphasize what?

A

That we learn language from the people around us

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15
Q

B.F Skinner argued what? (bell/dog guy)

A

He argued that language exists because it is reinforced and shaped

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16
Q

What is the Nativist View of Language?

A

It says that we discover language rather than learn it in language development

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17
Q

What did Noam Chomsky argue? (LAD)

A

He argued that humans have a language-acquisition device (LAD)

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18
Q

Ben Whorf and Edward Sapir proposed what?

A

They proposed the Whorf-Sapir hypothesis which says

“Language creates thought as much as thought creates language”

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19
Q

What is the Linguistic Determinism Hypothesis?

A

Our language determines our way of thinking and our perceptions of the world

20
Q

Cognition

A

Mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, and storing knowledge

21
Q

Cognition psychology

A

The science of how people think, learn, remember, and perceive

22
Q

Mental representation

A

A structure in the mind that stands for something else

23
Q

Visual Imagery

A

Are visual representations created by the brain after the original stimulus is NO LONGER present

24
Q

Mental Rotation

A

The process of imagining an object turning in 3-D space

25
Q

What is Concept Hierarchy

A

The arrangement of related concepts in a particular way, with some being general and others specific

26
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

Reasoning from general statements to specific conclusions

27
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

Reasoning to general conclusions from specific evidence

28
Q

Causal Inferences

A

Judgements about causation of one thing by another

29
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

The tendency to selectively attend to information that supports one’s beliefs

30
Q

Heuristics

A

Mental shortcuts for making complex and uncertain decisions and judgements

31
Q

Charles Spearman’s g-factor theory

A

Intelligence is a single general (g) factor made up of specific components

32
Q

What are the 3 different kinds of intelligence?

A

1 - Verbal Intelligence
Lang-based reasoning

2 - Spatial Intelli
Visualizing objects from diff angles

3 - Quantitative
Math nerd pretty much

33
Q

What did Raymond Cattel come up with?

A

Fluid and Crystalized Intelligence

34
Q

Multiple-factor theory of intelligence

A

The idea that intelligence consists of distinct dimensions and is not just a single factor

35
Q

What did John Carrol do?

A

He further subdivided intelligence into a 3-level hierarchy

36
Q

What is the order of John Carroll’s 3-level hierarchy

A

GENERAL Intelligence
BROAD intelligence
NARROW intelligence

37
Q

What does the score of zero mean in zero scores?

A

It means your intelligence is average

38
Q

What does a score above zero mean is zero scores?

A

You have above average intelligence

39
Q

What does a score below zero mean is zero scores?

A

It means you have below average intellingence

40
Q

What does Robert Sternberg’s main work focus?

A

he focused on Sucessful Intelligence… which is an integrated set of abilities needed in life

41
Q

What did William Stern introduce?

A

The Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

42
Q

What is IQ?

A

It is mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100

(MA / CA) 100 = IQ

43
Q

What did David Wechsler do?

A

Created the WAIS (for adults) and WISC (for kids)

These tests are the most widely administered test in the United States

44
Q

Nadeen and Alan Kaufman developed what?

A

They developed the Kaufman - Assesment Battery for Children OR the K-ABC

45
Q

Reliability

A

The consistency of a measurement

46
Q

Validity

A

The degree to which a test accurately measures what it purports to measure

Psychology (8 decks)

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