Chapter 8

Question 1

Using the definition provided in the text, which is the best example of learning?

Answer 1

10 yo Jerry can snowboard down the mountain after practicing for a week

Question 2

Because Sela always opens a drawer to get a can opener whenever she feeds her cat, Socks, he runs into the kitchen each time he hears someone open a drawer. Socks has:

Answer 2

Made an association between the drawer opening and being fed

Question 3

A rat presses a lever, resulting in food delivery. The rat then presses the lever more frequently. This is an example of:

Answer 3

Reinforcement

Question 4

In a typical classical conditioning experiment, a neutral stimulus is

Answer 4

Repeatedly paired with the UN-conditioned stimulus

Question 5

A reinforcer is anything that _____________; a punisher is anything that ________.

Answer 5

Makes a behavior more likely;

Makes a behavior less likely.

Question 6

A slot machine player cannot know how many pulls of the slot machine arm it will take to win. One one occasion, it might take just one pull to win a small jackpot. Other times dozens of quarters might be spent before winning. This payout schedule is what kind of schedule of reinforcement?

Answer 6

Variable-ratio

Question 7

Barbara just started a new job, and she watches how her colleagues dress and act. The type of learning Barbara is doing is:

Answer 7

Observational Learning

Question 8

The major findings from Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment were that

(HINT: 2 diff findings)

Answer 8

1) Children learn to be aggressive by watching other people be aggressive

2) Children learn to be aggressive by observing reinforced aggression in others

Question 9

Research Shows that:

Answer 9

Competition in video games leads to aggressive behavior, regardless of level of violence.

Question 10

Because Konrad Lorenz was the first and only animal baby geese knew for the first few weeks of their lives, they thought Lorenz was their mother. This kind of association is known as:

Answer 10

Imprinting

Question 11

What biological structure(s) or system(s) might best explain why we cry along with characters in a sad movie?

Answer 11

Mirror Neurons

Question 12

Research on learning and the brain has shown that rats raised in impoverished environments

Answer 12

Learn more slowly and have fewer neurons and synaptic connections than rats raised in enriched environments