Chapters 9&10 Flashcards

1
Q

Catabolic pathways are

A

metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules

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2
Q

During cellular respiration

A

glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced

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3
Q

During an oxidation-reduction

A

reaction glucose loses a hydrogen atom and the molecule is oxidized

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4
Q

NAD+ is reduced to NADH during

A

both glycolysis and the citric cycle

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5
Q

Glycolysis takes place

A

in the cytosol

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6
Q

Substrate level phosphorylation generate

A

the ATP that is made during glycolysis

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7
Q

Oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved

A

in the accepting of electrons at the end of the electron
transport chain

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8
Q

Glycolysis in eukaryotic cells will take place

A

whether or not oxygen is present

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9
Q

When an electron shifts to a more electronegative atom it

A

loses potential energy

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10
Q

When glucose is catabolized to a pyruvate its energy

A

is retained by the pyruvate

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11
Q

The end products of glycolysis are

A

ATP, NADH and pyruvate

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12
Q

When a molecule is phosphorylated it has

A

an increased chemical activity and is primed to do cellular work

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13
Q

Glycolysis uses and forms a

A

stored ATP ( the “investment phase”) and forms a net increase in ATP (the “payoff phase”)

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14
Q

When a pyruvate is catabolized in the citric cycle it follows

A

3 steps which result in the formation of acetyl CoA, NADH,
H+, and CO2

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15
Q

The oxidation of one pyruvate molecule will

A

feed 2 carbon atoms into the citric acid cycle

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16
Q

12 NADH+FADH2 molecules are produced

A

for each molecule of glucose metabolized by glycolysis and the citric cycle

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17
Q

During aerobic respiration electrons travel down hill following the sequence:

A

food,NADH,electron transport
chain,oxygen

18
Q

The mitochondrial inner membrane is where

A

where the protons of the electron transport chain are located

19
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) produced the most ATP when

A

glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O

20
Q

The complete oxidation of 2 molecules of glucose can produce

A

72 to 76 ATP

21
Q

Glycolysis occurs whether or not

A

oxygen is present

22
Q

Glycolysis is found in both

A

cellular respiration and fermentation

23
Q

The reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol is result of

A

NAD+ being regenerated from NADH

24
Q

Both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation oxidize

A

NADH to NAD+

25
Potassium ions increase causing
muscle fatigue when muscle cells undergo anaerobic respiration
26
Plant cells use their mitochondria for
oxidation of pyruvate in photosynthesizing cells in dark periods and in other tissues all the time
27
The Calvin cycle takes place in the
stroma of the chloroplast
28
Many pigments can absorb light during
photosynthesis
29
In photosystem II the electron vacancies in P680 are filled by
electrons derived from water
30
Photosystem I receives electrons from
plastocyanin
31
Chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts establishes the
proton gradient
32
During respiration the reduction of oxygen
forms water
33
During photosynthesis there is a reduction of
NADP+
34
The splitting of CO2 to form O2 DOES NOT occur
during photosynthesis or respiration
35
Both photosynthesis and respiration generate
proton gradients across membranes
36
Wavelength of light and _ are inversely related
quantity of energy per photon are inversely related
37
Carotenoids dissipate
excessive light energy
38
The Calvin cycle synthesizes
simple sugars from carbon dioxide
39
The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the
Calvin cycle with ATP and NADPH
40
Photosynthesis is similar in
C4 and CAM plants because rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially
41
The Calvin cycle does NOT
Release oxygen