Chapters 9&10 Flashcards
Catabolic pathways are
metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules
During cellular respiration
glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced
During an oxidation-reduction
reaction glucose loses a hydrogen atom and the molecule is oxidized
NAD+ is reduced to NADH during
both glycolysis and the citric cycle
Glycolysis takes place
in the cytosol
Substrate level phosphorylation generate
the ATP that is made during glycolysis
Oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved
in the accepting of electrons at the end of the electron
transport chain
Glycolysis in eukaryotic cells will take place
whether or not oxygen is present
When an electron shifts to a more electronegative atom it
loses potential energy
When glucose is catabolized to a pyruvate its energy
is retained by the pyruvate
The end products of glycolysis are
ATP, NADH and pyruvate
When a molecule is phosphorylated it has
an increased chemical activity and is primed to do cellular work
Glycolysis uses and forms a
stored ATP ( the “investment phase”) and forms a net increase in ATP (the “payoff phase”)
When a pyruvate is catabolized in the citric cycle it follows
3 steps which result in the formation of acetyl CoA, NADH,
H+, and CO2
The oxidation of one pyruvate molecule will
feed 2 carbon atoms into the citric acid cycle
12 NADH+FADH2 molecules are produced
for each molecule of glucose metabolized by glycolysis and the citric cycle
During aerobic respiration electrons travel down hill following the sequence:
food,NADH,electron transport
chain,oxygen
The mitochondrial inner membrane is where
where the protons of the electron transport chain are located
Oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) produced the most ATP when
glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O
The complete oxidation of 2 molecules of glucose can produce
72 to 76 ATP
Glycolysis occurs whether or not
oxygen is present
Glycolysis is found in both
cellular respiration and fermentation
The reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol is result of
NAD+ being regenerated from NADH
Both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation oxidize
NADH to NAD+
Potassium ions increase causing
muscle fatigue when muscle cells undergo anaerobic respiration
Plant cells use their mitochondria for
oxidation of pyruvate in photosynthesizing cells in dark periods and in other tissues
all the time
The Calvin cycle takes place in the
stroma of the chloroplast
Many pigments can absorb light during
photosynthesis
In photosystem II the electron vacancies in P680 are filled by
electrons derived from water
Photosystem I receives electrons from
plastocyanin
Chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts establishes the
proton gradient
During respiration the reduction of oxygen
forms water
During photosynthesis there is a reduction of
NADP+
The splitting of CO2 to form O2 DOES NOT occur
during photosynthesis or respiration
Both photosynthesis and respiration generate
proton gradients across membranes
Wavelength of light and _ are inversely related
quantity of energy per photon are inversely related
Carotenoids dissipate
excessive light energy
The Calvin cycle synthesizes
simple sugars from carbon dioxide
The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the
Calvin cycle with ATP and NADPH
Photosynthesis is similar in
C4 and CAM plants because rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially
The Calvin cycle does NOT
Release oxygen
