Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Catabolism

A

Cellular process that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones

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2
Q

Anabolic pathways

A

Consume energy to build polymers from monomers

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3
Q

The first law of thermodynamics

A

conservation of energy, states that energy cant be created or
destroyed

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4
Q

Entropy in the universe is increased when

A

energy is transformed

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5
Q

The second law of thermodynamics discusses

A

increase of entropy when energy is transferred or
transformed, cells requiring a constant input of energy is an example of this

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6
Q

The increasing complexity of organisms over time is consistent with

A

the second law of thermodynamics

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7
Q

Potential energy is

A

chemical; it is waiting to be released from the breaking of bonds; an example is a
food molecule made up of energy rich macromolecules waiting to be consumed and broken down

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8
Q

G=

A

FREE ENERGY

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9
Q

H=

A

TOTAL ENERGY

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10
Q

S=

A

ENTROPHY

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11
Q

T=

A

TEMPERATURE

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12
Q

Free energy formula

A

G=H-TS

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13
Q

Energy coupling

A

is the energy cycle, ATP is important to this because it provides the energy between
the exergonic and endergonic reactions

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14
Q

ATP is similar to

A

ADP and RNA

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15
Q

ATP

A

3 phosphate

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16
Q

ADP

A

2 phosphate

17
Q

RNA

A

1 phosphate

18
Q

Energy coupling, or energy cycle, is

A

the transfer of free energy from catabolic or anabolic pathways

19
Q

Catabolic pathways are coupled with

A

anabolic pathways to supply energy in the form of ATP

20
Q

ATP releases

A

energy and during this process releases inorganic phosphate; this can be added to other molecules to activate them

21
Q

Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are faster in their

A

reaction time than the same reaction that is enzyme free;
the enzyme acts as a catalyst to speed up the reaction but not change the end result

22
Q

Adding a catalyst will increase

A

The rate of a chemical reaction

23
Q

A thermodynamic barrier

A

known as activation energy, must be overcome to allow reactants to interact
and form products from chemical reactions

24
Q

If an expected reaction is not readily occurring this may be because

A

the activation energy barrier cannot
be overcome

25
In the induced fit model,
the binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzymes active site
26
Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction because they
lower the amount of activation energy needed
27
A competitive inhibitor
inhibits or prevents an effect
28
Increased temperature, like a fever in the body, can have serious consequences if not treated because
it can change the folding of the enzymes and their function
29
Noncompetitive inhibitors
change the shape of a reactant which decreases the rate of enzyme reaction
30
Endergonic reaction is
the positive energy moving into a system
31
Catabolic pathways release energy by
Breaking bonds
32
anabolic pathways
take in or consume energy
33
exergonic reactions
lose/use energy
34
endergonic reactions
move energy into a system