Chapter 8 Flashcards
Catabolism
Cellular process that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones
Anabolic pathways
Consume energy to build polymers from monomers
The first law of thermodynamics
conservation of energy, states that energy cant be created or
destroyed
Entropy in the universe is increased when
energy is transformed
The second law of thermodynamics discusses
increase of entropy when energy is transferred or
transformed, cells requiring a constant input of energy is an example of this
The increasing complexity of organisms over time is consistent with
the second law of thermodynamics
Potential energy is
chemical; it is waiting to be released from the breaking of bonds; an example is a
food molecule made up of energy rich macromolecules waiting to be consumed and broken down
G=
FREE ENERGY
H=
TOTAL ENERGY
S=
ENTROPHY
T=
TEMPERATURE
Free energy formula
G=H-TS
Energy coupling
is the energy cycle, ATP is important to this because it provides the energy between
the exergonic and endergonic reactions
ATP is similar to
ADP and RNA
ATP
3 phosphate
ADP
2 phosphate
RNA
1 phosphate
Energy coupling, or energy cycle, is
the transfer of free energy from catabolic or anabolic pathways
Catabolic pathways are coupled with
anabolic pathways to supply energy in the form of ATP
ATP releases
energy and during this process releases inorganic phosphate; this can be added to other molecules to activate them
Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are faster in their
reaction time than the same reaction that is enzyme free;
the enzyme acts as a catalyst to speed up the reaction but not change the end result
Adding a catalyst will increase
The rate of a chemical reaction
A thermodynamic barrier
known as activation energy, must be overcome to allow reactants to interact
and form products from chemical reactions
If an expected reaction is not readily occurring this may be because
the activation energy barrier cannot
be overcome
In the induced fit model,
the binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzymes active site
Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction because they
lower the amount of activation energy
needed
A competitive inhibitor
inhibits or prevents an effect
Increased temperature, like a fever in the body, can have serious consequences if not treated because
it
can change the folding of the enzymes and their function
Noncompetitive inhibitors
change the shape of a reactant which decreases the rate of enzyme reaction
Endergonic reaction is
the positive energy moving into a system
Catabolic pathways release energy by
Breaking bonds
anabolic pathways
take in or consume energy
exergonic reactions
lose/use energy
endergonic reactions
move energy into a system
