Chapter 8

Question 1

Catabolism

Answer 1

Cellular process that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones

Question 2

Anabolic pathways

Answer 2

Consume energy to build polymers from monomers

Question 3

The first law of thermodynamics

Answer 3

conservation of energy, states that energy cant be created or
destroyed

Question 4

Entropy in the universe is increased when

Answer 4

energy is transformed

Question 5

The second law of thermodynamics discusses

Answer 5

increase of entropy when energy is transferred or
transformed, cells requiring a constant input of energy is an example of this

Question 6

The increasing complexity of organisms over time is consistent with

Answer 6

the second law of thermodynamics

Question 7

Potential energy is

Answer 7

chemical; it is waiting to be released from the breaking of bonds; an example is a
food molecule made up of energy rich macromolecules waiting to be consumed and broken down

Question 8

G=

Answer 8

FREE ENERGY

Question 9

H=

Answer 9

TOTAL ENERGY

Question 10

S=

Answer 10

ENTROPHY

Question 11

T=

Answer 11

TEMPERATURE

Question 12

Free energy formula

Answer 12

G=H-TS

Question 13

Energy coupling

Answer 13

is the energy cycle, ATP is important to this because it provides the energy between
the exergonic and endergonic reactions

Question 14

ATP is similar to

Answer 14

ADP and RNA

Question 15

ATP

Answer 15

3 phosphate

Question 16

ADP

Answer 16

2 phosphate

Question 17

RNA

Answer 17

1 phosphate

Question 18

Energy coupling, or energy cycle, is

Answer 18

the transfer of free energy from catabolic or anabolic pathways

Question 19

Catabolic pathways are coupled with

Answer 19

anabolic pathways to supply energy in the form of ATP

Question 20

ATP releases

Answer 20

energy and during this process releases inorganic phosphate; this can be added to other molecules to activate them

Question 21

Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are faster in their

Answer 21

reaction time than the same reaction that is enzyme free;
the enzyme acts as a catalyst to speed up the reaction but not change the end result

Question 22

Adding a catalyst will increase

Answer 22

The rate of a chemical reaction

Question 23

A thermodynamic barrier

Answer 23

known as activation energy, must be overcome to allow reactants to interact
and form products from chemical reactions

Question 24

If an expected reaction is not readily occurring this may be because

Answer 24

the activation energy barrier cannot
be overcome

Question 25

In the induced fit model,

Answer 25

the binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzymes active site

Question 26

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction because they

Answer 26

lower the amount of activation energy
needed

Question 27

A competitive inhibitor

Answer 27

inhibits or prevents an effect

Question 28

Increased temperature, like a fever in the body, can have serious consequences if not treated because

Answer 28

it
can change the folding of the enzymes and their function

Question 29

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 29

change the shape of a reactant which decreases the rate of enzyme reaction

Question 30

Endergonic reaction is

Answer 30

the positive energy moving into a system

Question 31

Catabolic pathways release energy by

Answer 31

Breaking bonds

Question 32

anabolic pathways

Answer 32

take in or consume energy

Question 33

exergonic reactions

Answer 33

lose/use energy

Question 34

endergonic reactions

Answer 34

move energy into a system