CHAPTERS 8.1-8.4

Question 1

what are hydrocarbons?

Answer 1

compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon

Question 2

what are the homologous series?

Answer 2

organic compounds with the same general formula, in which one molecule differs by CH2. they have similar chemical properties and graduation in physical properties

Question 3

what are the stem names used for 1 carbon atom?

Answer 3

meth-

Question 4

what are the stem names used for 2 carbon atoms?

Answer 4

eth-

Question 5

what are the stem names used for 3 carbon atoms?

Answer 5

prop-

Question 6

what are the stem names used for 4 carbon atoms?

Answer 6

but-

Question 7

what are the stem names used for 5 carbon atoms?

Answer 7

pent-

Question 8

what are the stem names used for 6 carbon atoms?

Answer 8

hex-

Question 9

what are the stem names used for 7 carbon atoms?

Answer 9

hept-

Question 10

what are the stem names used for 8 carbon atoms?

Answer 10

oct-

Question 11

what are the stem names used for 9 carbon atoms?

Answer 11

non-

Question 12

what are the stem names used for 10 carbon atoms?

Answer 12

dec-

Question 13

what are alkanes? give an example.

Answer 13

hydrocarbons containing molecules in which all the carbon-carbon bonds are single covalent bonds
eg. methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), pentane (C5H12)

Question 14

what are the rules for naming alkanes?

Answer 14

1. find the longest chain (not always horizontal)
2. find substituent (‘alkyl’ groups)
3. find lowest number C for alkyl groups

Question 15

what are the physical properties of alkanes?

Answer 15

• non-polar molecules
• insoluble in water
• only have dispersion forces between molecules
• boiling point increases as the number of carbons increase

Question 16

what are the chemical properties of alkanes?

Answer 16

• relatively unreactive
• can be used as fuel in combustion reaction

Question 17

what are alkenes? give an example.

Answer 17

a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons with one carbon-carbon double bond
eg. ethene, propene, but-1-ene

Question 18

what are the physical properties of alkenes?

Answer 18

• non-polar
• no not dissolve in water
• as length of carbon chain increases, the melting and boiling point increases

Question 19

what are the chemical properties of alkenes?

Answer 19

• all undergo complete combustion
• greater reactivity that alkanes

Question 20

what are alkynes?

Answer 20

organic compounds with carbon-carbon triple bonds

Question 21

what are the chemical properties of alkynes?

Answer 21

• more reactive than alkanes and alkenes

Question 22

what are haloalkanes?

Answer 22

organic compounds that contain halogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms. They are derived from alkanes by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms.

Question 23

what are the physical properties of haloalkanes?

Answer 23

• most are polar
• length of carbon chain increases, melting and boiling point also increases
• size of the halogen atom will influence the strength of the dispersion forces between haloalkane molecules

Question 24

what are the chemical properties of haloalkanes?

Answer 24

• polarity of the carbon-halogen bond affects the chemical reactivity of haloalkanes

Question 25

what are alcohols?

Answer 25

made up of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom

Question 26

what are the physical properties of alcohols?

Answer 26

• boiling point of alcohols increase as the size of the molecule increases
• hydrogen bonding occurs between molecules and strengthens the intermolecular bonding

Question 27

what are carboxylic acids?

Answer 27

weak acids, often present in foods