Chapters 8, 9

Question 1

Which is not a uterine layer?

Answer 1

Serometrium

Question 2

Changes in the endometrium, which constitutes the menstrual cycle, are preparation for:

Answer 2

Fertilized ovum arrival

Question 3

Female reproductive cycle is defined as:

Answer 3

The ovarian and uterine cycles, the hormonal changes that regulate them, and related cyclical changes in the breast and cervix

Question 4

Endometrial sloughing is caused by:

Answer 4

decreasing levels of progesterone

Question 5

Which statement correctly describes fallopian tube anatomy?

Answer 5

The dinfuidibulum is the distal funnel shaped portion of the fallopian tube

Question 6

Normal ovaries are oval shaped and measure approximately:

Answer 6

5 x 3 x 1.5 cm

Question 7

The lowest portion of the uterus is the:

Answer 7

Cervix

Question 8

Endocrine hormones secreted by the hypothalamus control reproductive events. Choose which is not related to the female cycle:

Answer 8

CCK

Question 9

Designate the cranial structure that is essential for survival and reproduction:

Answer 9

Hypothalamus

Question 10

Secondary amenorrhea is described as:

Answer 10

women who have started menstruation then had an absence of their menses for three cycles or six months

Question 11

Select the correct statement

Answer 11

PCOS is related to an ovulation

Question 12

Amenorrhea is:

Answer 12

absences of menstruation

Question 13

Hormone replacement therapy may cause

Answer 13

Maintenance of ovarian volume

Question 14

The luteal phase:

Answer 14

Begins after ovulation

Question 15

Choose the function that FSH is not involved with.

Answer 15

Progression of the menstrual cycle

Question 16

Choose the female chemical responsible for thickening the endometrium.

Answer 16

Estrogen

Question 17

A sharp rise in LH, known as “LH surge,” is responsible for:

Answer 17

Ripening of the graafin follicle

Question 18

Theca cells begin secreting estrogen:

Answer 18

At puberty

Question 19

The number of oocytes in each ovary at puberty is approximately:

Answer 19

300,000

Question 20

Polymenorrheic is:

Answer 20

A menstrual cycle length that is less than 21 days

Question 21

Changes in endometrial thickness are not associated with:

Answer 21

Homogeneous echo texture

Question 22

Ovarian measurements are determined:

Answer 22

On views orthogonal planes in 3 dimensions; length, width and depth

Question 23

What phase of the menstrual cycle do follicles become dominant?

Answer 23

Mid to late proliferative

Question 24

During the late proliferative phase, the endometrium thickens to approximately:

Answer 24

5 to 11 mm

Question 25

The triple line (three line sign) indicates the ______________ stage.

Answer 25

Late proliferative

Question 26

Amenorrhea is:

Answer 26

menstrual cessation

Question 27

Ultrasound is ordered in the postmenopausal patient most often for:

Answer 27

Vaginal bleeding

Question 28

A thin layer separates the basal layer and the inner functional layer. The thin layer is:

Answer 28

Echogenic

Question 29

A 9- to 14-mm endometrium in the secretory phase appears:

Answer 29

Echogenic with posterior enhancement

Question 30

Choose the sonographic method that uses higher frequency transducers and markedly increases resolution of most pelvic structures?

Answer 30

EVS

Question 31

Choose the normal anatomic structure that EV imaging can easily identify.

Answer 31

Ovaries

Question 32

What bones comprise the pelvic skeleton?

Answer 32

coccyx, sacrum, two innominate bones

Question 33

The rectus muscle is seen mostly in the lower abdomen in a(n):

Answer 33

Ovoid shape

Question 34

The cross-sectional shape of the iliopsoas muscle appears on ultrasound as:

Answer 34

Hook with bulbous medial limb

Question 35

The space of Retzius (preperitoneal space) is located:

Answer 35

Between the bladder and symphysis pubis

Question 36

It is not uncommon to see anterior artifact echoes in the urinary bladder. They are:

Answer 36

Wall reverberation

Question 37

On sonograms, the muscular walls of the vagina produce a moderately ____ pattern typical of smooth muscle.

Answer 37

Hypoechoic

Question 38

Which of the following describes the uterine segments?

Answer 38

Fundus, corpus, isthumus, cervix

Question 39

What is the largest portion of the uterus?

Answer 39

Corpus

Question 40

The uterine layer not seen with ultrasound is:

Answer 40

Cerosal

Question 41

A uterus in a female infant would:

Answer 41

Appear cylindrical

Question 42

Cysts of the cervix are caused by occluded cervical glands and known as:

Answer 42

Nabothian cyst

Question 43

The length of the adult nulliparous uterus is approximately:

Answer 43

8 cm

Question 44

On ultrasound, the cervix visualizes as a cylinder-like structure measuring from:

Answer 44

2.5 to 3.5 cm in length and 2.5 cm in width

Question 45

Mittelschmerz is:

Answer 45

Mid cycle pain often associated with ovulation

Question 46

One branch of the internal iliac artery is of importance to sonographers because it is accessible to Doppler evaluation using an endovaginal approach. It is the:

Answer 46

Uterine artery

Question 47

Venous congestion appears as:

Answer 47

Pelvic varices

Question 48

Echogenic ovarian foci may indicate the presence of all except:

Answer 48

Simple cyst