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GYN > Chapters 13-16 > Flashcards

Chapters 13-16 Flashcards

1
Q

Select the factor most unlikely to contribute to endometrial cancer

A

Thin habitus

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2
Q

Tamoxifen therapy is known to increase the risk of all except:

A

myomas

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3
Q

endometrial cancer typically presents as:

A

uterine bleeding

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4
Q

select the least helpful imaging method for providing accurate diagnostic tumor angiogenesis information.

A

TA

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5
Q

which condition will not cause the endometrium to appear thickened?

A

menstrual phase

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6
Q

leiomyosarcomas

A

are heterogeneous

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7
Q

fallopian tube carcinoma is an aggressive tumor that demonstrates all except a;

A

thickened endometrium

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8
Q

a frequent suspicious characteristic of fallopian tube carcinoma is:

A

pelvic ascites

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9
Q

fallopian tube carcinoma may cause suspicious of all except

A

a trilaminar homogeneous endometrium

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10
Q

infection by HPV is the largest cause of:

A

cervical carcinoma

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11
Q

exposure to DES (diethystilbestrol) in utero causes an increased incidence of adenocarcinoma of the :

A

cervix and vagina

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12
Q

cervical stenosis caused by cervical cancer may cause:

A

hematometra

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13
Q

select the imaging modality that is least helpful. with diagnosing fallopian tube neoplasia.

A

CT

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14
Q

choose the imaging modality that has excellent soft-tissue contrast resolution and is therefore significantly valuable in the assessment of the size of the tumor, the depth of the cervical cancer invasion

A

MRI

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15
Q

select the phrase used to describe a group of uterine neoplasms that occur as a complication of pregnancy

A

gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

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16
Q

gestation trophoblastic neoplasia

A

can occur as a complication of all pregnancies

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17
Q

invasive mole is a form of hydatidiform mole that invades the:

A

myometrium

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18
Q

although clinical signs for endometrial cancer and leiomyosarcomas are nonspecific, most present with:

A

uterine bleeding and pain

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19
Q

fertilization by more than one sperm creates:

A

diploid karyotype

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20
Q

a drug prescribed for treatment of severe psoriasis, an inhibitor of cellular reproduction, and a variety of malignant neoplastic diseases is:

A

methotrexate

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21
Q

select the false statement:

A

studies show that women who used oral contraceptives are at the greater risk for developing epithelial ovarian cancer.

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22
Q

which technique is not directed at improving the detection and outcome of ovarian cancer?

A

pineal studies

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23
Q

choose the most unlikely risk factor for developing ovarian cancer:

A

living in a developing country

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24
Q

extended ovulatory activity, over 40 years, places women in what risk category for developing ovarian cancer?

A

high risk

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25
Q

the gene that is related to errors int he replication process resulting in overexpression:

A

HER2/neu

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26
Q

a characteristic of most epithelial cancer is the tendency to:

A

form cystic masses with multiple septa

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27
Q

the major pattern of metastatic spread of ovarian malignancy is direct extension involving the neighboring organs in the pelvis, peritoneal seeding, and ____ spread

A

lymphatic

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28
Q

frequently, the only symptom of ovarian cancer is:

A

abdominal bloating and pain

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29
Q

to increase specificity in diagnosing ovarian malignancy, lab values such as ___ are tested

A

CA 125, AFP, hCG, CEA

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30
Q

what imaging method provides diagnostic value by presenting calcifications, sometimes in a curvilinear fashion, soft tissue masses, and patterns suggesting abdominal distention?

A

plain film radiography

31
Q

the imaging modality providing the most accurate tissue characterizing regarding adnexal masses is :

A

MRI

32
Q

menopausal females utilizing HRT will demonstrate:

A

normal-sized ovaries

33
Q

ovarian malignancy screening utilizing ultrasound should consider all except:

A

ovarian position

34
Q

metastasis to the ovary

A

is common

35
Q

compressibility of a mass while scanning can assist in differentiating bowel from malignancy and is performed by

A

“hands on” maneuver

36
Q

nonneoplastic cystic foci of the ovary are commonly seen in ___ females and are difficult to differentiate from malignant lesions, so should be considered when determining the diagnosis

A

menstruating

37
Q

epithelial ovarian cancers typically for cystic masses and

A

solid papillary growths

38
Q

pseudomyxoma peritonei is defined as

A

the accumulation of gelatinous material in the peritoneal cavity

39
Q

ovarian malignancy is often associated with ascites that first accumulates in the

A

dependent portion of the peritoneal cavity

40
Q

color doppler of malignant lesions frequently demonstrates

A

prominent flow in septations

41
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease is

A

infection of the female genital tract causing diffuse inflammation

42
Q

one incident of PID can increase the risk of tubal factor and ectopic pregnancy

A

6 times

43
Q

bacterial vaginosis is the most common infection of the ___ in reproductive-age women

A

lower genital tract

44
Q

early. sonographic findings of pelvic inflammatory diseases are:

A

often nonspecifi

45
Q

a normal fallopian tube

A

is not visualized with ultrasound

46
Q

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is caused by peritonitis and includes what organ

A

Liver

47
Q

acute PID sonographic findings are all except

A

sharp uterine borders

48
Q

when seen in cross-section, a hydrosalpinx may exhibit as

A

the “beads on a string” sign

49
Q

define tubo-ovarian complex:

A

tubo-ovarian complex refers to the affected ovary and tube that are adherent to one another but their individual architecture is still identifiable on ultrasound

50
Q

chronic progression of endometriosis can lead to all but the following:

A

simple cysts

51
Q

endometriosis is known to affect

A

reproductive-age females

52
Q

endometriosis ___ transforms into mallignancy

A

rarely

53
Q

introduction of an IUD may elevate the risk for PID following insertion for

A

up to 3 days

54
Q

endometriomas appear sonographically thick-walled, spherical masses, and frequently (95% of the time) displaying:

A

low-level internal echoes (‘ground glass” appearance)

55
Q

hydrosalpinx develops when

A

fluid accumulates within a scarred, obstructed fallopian tube

56
Q

sonographic findings for adenomyosis are all except

A

peripheral uterine calcific deposits

57
Q

endometriomas image as

A

smooth-walled structures with low-level internal echoes

58
Q

choose the correct statement regarding pelvic inflammatory disease

A

early stages demonstrate a variable appearance and an enlarged uterus with indistinct margins

59
Q

the most effective treatment for patients suffering from severe endometriosis who do not respond to conservative surgical management and medical therapies is

A

oophorectomy and hormonal necrosis

60
Q

endometriosis can implant in all areas except the

A

groin

61
Q

select the IUCD that has never been marketed in the United States

A

Chinese ring

62
Q

choose the false statement

A

IUCD arms measure between 20 and 30 mm

63
Q

a mispositioned or expelled IUCD can be owing to

A

congenital malformation

64
Q

expulsion risk of an IUCD is greatest in the

A

first year of use

65
Q

displacement of the IUCD occurs when an IUCD

A

is rotated from the normal transverse position

66
Q

IUCD position is best documented by

A

3D and 4D sonography

67
Q

the optimal position of the copper or hormone-releasing IUCD

A

in the fundal portion of the endometrial cavity with the wings extending to the uterine cornua

68
Q

if the IUCD is visible or can be felt that the external cervical os, it is labeled as

A

partially expulsed

69
Q

IUCD perforation occurs more frequently in

A

lactating patients or those who have given birth within the past 6 months

70
Q

select the incorrect statement

A

the copper IUCD releases levonorgestrel ions

71
Q

silicone impregnated matrix devices used for permanent birth control appear on sonography as

A

echogenic foci located on the lateral borders of the uterine cornua

72
Q

uterine perforation by an IUCD may cause all except

A

tubal occlusion

73
Q

Essure is a permanent birth control that is no longer used in the United States. When used, where was it inserted?

A

fallopian tube

74
Q

the risk of a pregnancy in a female with an IUCD is

A

ectopic pregnancy

GYN (6 decks)

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