Chapters 8, 15, 18, 19 Flashcards
models of disability
useful tools that allow for understanding of how and why persons with disability, including BI, ahve been treated throughout history
Moral Model of disability
AKA Religious Model
thinks of disability as a result of sin, evil, or character flaw. Science of Eugenics and Social Darwinism encouraged this model; people with visible disabilities were devalued immediately while those with invisible disabilities like mental illness or brain injury were isolated and excluded
Biomedical Model of disability
AKA Medical Model
- tx concerned with changing the individual
- exclusion of therapeutic services after medical stabilization has occurred and promotes concepts such as treatment plateaus and maximum medical recovery
- dichotomous (health vs illness)
- can lead to stereotypes and stigmas; people are identified by their deficits
Environmental Model of disability
intervention is sought to address both physical and social environments of the individual.
- proposes that environment can cause, define, or exaggerate disability
- environment can both facilitate and limit physical access and opportunities for work education, and social participation
- most appropriate paradigm for conceptualizing psychological disabilities
- ADA is an example of this model at work
Functional model of disability
Intervention methods are aimed at adapting the function of the individual for meaningful participations.
- most individualized and personal model
- person-centered
sociopolitical model of disability
AKA Minority Group or Independent Living Model
- goal is for inclusion, civil rights, and equal social status
- recognized that prejudice and discrimination are causal factors in disability
- considers othr social identities of people with disaibilities (gender, religion, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, etc)
person-centered approach
historically rooted in Carl Rodgers perosn-centered Tehrapy; based on subjective view fo human experience and empowers teh persons served to guide the rehab team to focus on their priorities, values, and desired outcomes
6 tenents of person-centered approach
Autonomy Beneficience Non-maleficence Fidelity Justice Veracity
Autonomy
right to make your own decisions
beneficience
persons providing treatment have obligation to do good for the person they are treating
non-maleficence
persons providing treatment should avoid causing harm to the other person served in all considerations
fidelity
persons providing services should keep promises made and inspire faithfulness
justice
persons should demonstrate equality and fairness
veracity
persons providing tx have oblication to be truthful in professional interactions and to demonstrate an unwillingness to tell a lie that affects the quality of service received by an individual served
critical components for facilitating person-centered care
person-first language humaneness communication questions vs directives non-judgmental approach
components of a successful interdisciplinary team
effective communication cooperation challenges itself to push beyond the easy and expected treatment approaches collaboration in setting rehab goals develop individualized tx plans assessing progress toward goals
Iatrogenesis
inadvertently induced disease of problem caused by a physician, therapy, or the medical setting itself
(eg. MRSA contracted while at the hospital)
extenders
unlicensed or non-certified rehabilitation staff that are trained in specific therapy skills and are supervised by professional staff members when providing care in a therapeutic setting
assistive technology for cognition
range from low-tech (calendars, post-it notes, clocks, timers) to high tech mainstream devices (smart phones, tablets, cell phones), to specialized systems (PEAT, BrainBook)
culture
any group taht shares a theme or issue (can include language, food, clothing, music, art, dance behavioral norms, shared values, shared worldviews
sociorace
recognized the social and historical aspects of a group of people, providing information about customs, norms, and social aspects of the group
universalism
an assumption that human characteristics common to all members of the species produce psychological givens with culture influencing their development and display
multiculturalism
social-intellectual movement promoting cultural diversity as a core principle while insisting on equality and respect of all cultural groups
academic (analytical intelligence)
used to signify the person’s ability to solve problems in academic settings
practical intelligence
ability to solve problems in everyday settings (practical life problems)
social intelligence
necessary in order to successfully navigate the environment
emotional intelligence
ability to monitor and identify emotions, both one’s own and others; and to use emotional information to guide thinking and behavior
How much do TBIs in males outnumber females?
2:1
In moderate-severe TBI, females have ___times higher mortality rate than males
1.3
In moderate-severe TBI, females have ___times higher rate of poor outcomes than males
1.6
In moderate-severe TBI, females have ___times higher rate of cognitive impairment than males
1.7
(Males/Females) have significantly higher rate of post-concussive syndrome at 1 month, 3 month, and 6 months post injury
Females
(females/males) experience more subjective and objective adverse effects from concussion
females
(Females/Males) experience higher rates of PTSD post-TBI, with increasing symptomology over time
Females
complicating factors for PTSD in women include
premorbid hx of sexual trauma and abuse
target of domestic violence
___% of women assulted incur a blow to the head and __% have a LOC
92% blow to head
40% LOC
__% of men return to work full time post-TBI versus __% of women
25% men
less than 5% women
problems related to sexual dysfunction post-TBI reported by women
arousal
difficulties during sexual activity
altered ability to achieve orgasm
secondary causes of sexual dysfunction after TBI
-physical changes (spasticity, hemiparesis, ataxia, decreased balance, movement disorders, sensory deficits)
-cognitive impairments (attention/concentration, initiation/motivation, social communication, impaired awareness, memory loss, executive dysfunction)
emotional and behavioral (depression, child-like or dependency behaviors, self-centeredness, apathy, disinhibition, low self-esteem/poor body image)
-marital or family dysfunction
-role changes
-financial stress
-parenting strain
-decreased communication between partners
-medication side effects
primary causes of sexual dysfunction after TBI
neuroendocrine (hormonal) changes
hypothalamus damage
pituitary damage
benign neglect in treating sexual dysfunction in LGBT population
staff discomfort or inexperience in treating LGBT patients
Is there a definitive link between BI and future risk of Alzheimer’s disease
no
predominant factors of disabilty that are strong predictors of post-injury outcome in older adults
factors related to pre-injury functioning
- age of injury
- pre-existing medical conditions
- medication use
