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ACBIS Exam > Chapters 16, 17, 20 > Flashcards

Chapters 16, 17, 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Age range most devastating for BI to occur

A

birth - 5 y/o

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2
Q

5 peak maturation periods in normally developing children (ages/ranges)

A 
3-5 years
8-10 years
14-15 years
17-19 years
21-22 years
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3
Q

3-5 year old brain maturation

A

all regions of the brain show synchronous development until about age 6
perfecting skills such as forming images, using words, serial ordering things, and problem solving

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4
Q

8-10 year old brain maturation

A
  • motor system maturation
  • frontal executive system begins accelerated development
  • elaboration of the visuospatial functional and visuo-auditory regions
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5
Q

14-15 year old brain maturation

A

visuospatial, visuo-auditory, and somatic systems reach their maturational peak

  • enter stage of dialectical ability
  • able to review formal operations, find flaws with them, and form new ones
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6
Q

17-19 year old brain maturation

A

big increase in regions governing frontal executive functions
development continues through the mid-twenties when mylenation of the frontal cortex is completed

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7
Q

If damage occurs right before one of these normally occurring neuronal growth spurts, the child or adolescent may lose…

A

the opportunity for normal development of skills at that time and may not develop the same ways or at the same pace as their same-age peers

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8
Q

prognosis for acquiring new skills is (better/worse) the younger the child is at the time of brain injury

A

worse

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9
Q

referral rates for special education for children age 0-19 who acquire BI

A

less than 2%

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10
Q

scatter skills

A

extreme discrepancies among abilities, they can do some things really well and with others they have great difficulty

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11
Q

504 accommodation plan

A

written plan developed by a general education school committee outlining accommodations to be made by K-12 or post-secondary school that receives federal funds for a student with a disabling condition that substantially limits a major life activity

  • preferential seating
  • extended time on assignments or tests
  • tests in an alternative setting
  • word banks for tests or quizzes
  • rest breaks
  • shortened assignments
  • visual aids/cue cards
  • books on CD
  • text to speech software
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12
Q

IDEA

A

a federal education mandate requiring public schools to provide a free appropriate public education through the use of special education supports and services to children with eligible disabilities
-Child Find

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13
Q

Child Find

A

requires schools to locate, identify, and evaluate all students from birth to age 21 whom they suspect might have a disability

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14
Q

IEP

A

Individual Education Plan
-legal written plan or program developed by the school’s special education team with input from parents specifying the student’s academic goals based upon assessment and the method to obtain these goals via specially designed instruction and related services

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15
Q

ITP

A

Individual transition plan
-a coordinated set of activities for special education students that promotes successful movement from school to post-school activities as mandated under the IDEA by age 16 (14 in some states) and is part of the IEP document. Addresses life after high school

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16
Q

Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS)

A

TBI due to shaking only

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17
Q

Abusive Heat Trauma (AHT)

A

TBI resulting from a non-accidental injury involving violence against an individual.
-broad term that includes shaken baby syndrome as well as any type of blunt force to the head or combination of the two (shaken impact syndrome)

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18
Q

___% of shaken baby syndrome/abusive head trauma survivors were less than 1 year old

A

77%

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19
Q

What percentage of fatal shaken baby syndrome incidents were male children

A

58% boys

42% girls

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20
Q

Male caregivers comprised ___% of individuals responsible for shaken baby syndrome/abusive head trauma

A

71%

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21
Q

Perpetrators of shaken baby syndrome/abusive head trauma (percentage breakdown)

A 
56% bio father
16% boyfriend of mother
15% bio mother
5% babysitter
9% other
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22
Q

Injury severity rates for children (percent breakdown for mild, moderate, and severe BI)

A

80% mild
10% moderate
10% severe

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23
Q

family dysfunction is reported anywhere from ___% of families after BI, depending upon population

A

25%-74%

24
Q

most frequently reported post-injury challenges to optimal family functioning include

A
  • communication difficulties
  • changes in mood and emotional healthof family members and the person with BI
  • unequal sharing of household responsibilities among family members
  • lack of access to resources or services which could help to combat BI-related complications
25
Q

___% of caregivers of individuals with TBI report significant CG burden

A

90%

26
Q

Family Systems Theory

A

grounded in the notion that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

  • encourages practitioners to think about the interactions which occur between different family members’ thoughts, statements, beliefs, and actions as the primary guiding forces that influence the individual as well as family decision making and behavior
  • takes positive view of families, assuming that every family has the strength and capacity to solve problems and make positive changes
27
Q

Family Centered services

A

families are considered the most important influence on the child’s development, recovery, and overall adjustment

  • mutual respect, information sharing, participation, and collaborative partnerships with persons with BI and their families
  • interventions must be tailored to the person with the injury and their family’s strengths, needs, priorities, and values
  • resilience theory
28
Q

resilience theory

A

based on the notion that, no matter how catastrophic the event, there are always individuals and families who rise above the expected negative outcomes, or, there are people who beat the odds

29
Q

Families who demonstrate resilient skill sets exhibit the following:

A
  • belief systems defined by making meaning out of adversity, maintaining a positive outlook, and having an inherent spirituality
  • family organization which includes the capacity to change, an integral and supportive connection between family members, and the willingness to use social resources
  • communication strategies which are clear, emotionally open, and take a collaborative approach to problem solving
30
Q

active listening (technique for working with families after BI)

A

understanding their struggles before providing advice

31
Q

normalizing (technique for working with families after BI)

A

process of letting families know that their concerns and experiences are both valid and typical given their situation/that they are not abnormal

32
Q

positive reframing (technique for working with families after BI)

A

educating families about the benefits of positive thinking with respect to motivation, outcomes, and overall satisfaction, and assisting people in finding the positive in various events, thoughts, or beliefs

33
Q

psychoeducation (technique for working with families after BI)

A

providing relevant educational materials related to BI and family processes

34
Q

resource referral

A

creating a network of local referral sources to provide to families proactively; family might not request resources on their own

35
Q

unique challenges for military families after BI

A

often face rehab from poly-trauma injuries. These multi-system injuries add additional challenges to BI

36
Q

CBT’s ABC philosophy

A

A=activating event
B=belief
C-consequence of belief
-encourage perspective taking; changes in beleif can result in changes in feelings and outcomes

37
Q

CBT principles that may help professionals in conceptualizing treatment

A
  1. another point of view always exists
  2. events are not responsible for feelings
  3. feelings impact behavior
  4. each individual and each family has unique experiences which shape their beliefs
  5. thought patterns and family beliefs only change when something causes the family to question whether their belief is correct
38
Q

blast injury primary injury

A

direct impact from over-pressure wave, compresses air filled organs, catapults body backwards

39
Q

blast injury secondary injury

A

energized debris or explosive fragments (shrapnel) impacts head or body

40
Q

blast injury tertiary injury

A

body impacts wall, ground, or object

41
Q

blast injury quaternary injury

A

inhalation of toxic gasses or substances

42
Q

___% of service members with concussion may meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD

A

44%

43
Q

process for return to duty for service members

A

Medical Evaluation Board- physician determines if service member is able to meet medical rention standards (informal)
Physical Evaluation Board- formal evaluation of fitness for duty, disability determination, and eligibility for disability compensation. May recommend return to duty, temporary disabled/retired list (TDRL), separate the member from active duty, or medical retirement

44
Q

Patient Bill of Rights

Each person has the rights to…

A

(must be posted in facility in primary language of each resident)

  • be treated with dignity and respect
  • not be denied appropriate care on the basis of one’s race, religion, national origin, sex, age, disablity, marital status, or funding
  • receive and send unopened mail
  • manage financial affairs or be given an accounting of transactions
  • be provided unaccompanied access to a telephone for emergency or personal crisis
  • retain and use personal property in the immediate living quarters and have a private locked area
  • have confidential records released only with written permission
  • make contacts in the community
  • achieve highest level of independence possible
45
Q

Power of Attorney

A

document in which a competent person (the principle) appoints another (the agent) to act for him or her in legal and financial matters

  • agent may have broad or limited powers
  • appointment may be durable (does not change when the principle becomes disabled or incompetent)
  • a guardian may be appointed after POA has been granted should circumstances change
  • guardian can override or revoke POA
46
Q

What rehab professionals should know about POA

A
  • extent of power and duties of agent
  • who agent is
  • how to reach them
  • who is responsible for notifying supervisor if agent is not performing as expected
47
Q

guardianship

A

legally enforceable arrangement under which one person (guardian) has the legal right and duty to care for another (ward)

48
Q

duties of guardian

A
  • manages and makes decisions about personal affairs of the ward
  • ensures that the ward has food, shelter, and clothing, as well as medical care, education, and rehabilitation
49
Q

guardian of the estate

A

manages only the financial affairs and property of the ward

50
Q

plenary guardianship

A

guardian cares for both the personal needs and the property of the ward
-a court may only appoint plenary guardianship upon findings of incompetency or incapacity to attend to one’s own affairs

51
Q

abuse

A

willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, or punishment with resulting physical harm, pain, or mental anguish
-also includes deprivation by an individual of goods or services that are necessary to maintain physical, mental, and psychosocial wellbeing

52
Q

neglect

A

failure to provide for the basic needs of a dependent individual

53
Q

exploitation

A

use of a dependent individual’s property illegally or without consent of the individual; includes expenditure of funds
-considered exploitation if done for profit or other advantage

54
Q

case management process

A
  • document, monitor, and communicate patient progress to key stakeholders
  • identify barriers to patients achieving goals
  • ensure patient knowledge regarding medical decision-making
  • maintain ongoing communication to key stakeholders,
  • patient transitions through the continuum of care,
  • engage patient in active participation in their goal setting
  • implement case effective strategies
  • develop ongoing safety needs
  • advocate for patients
  • consult with other professionals
  • address multicultural issues in the plan,
  • obtain consent for services,
  • coordinate with health care surrogates
  • document case from intake to closure
55
Q

Life care plans

A

lifelong needs assessment of the needed goals and services required for a person with BI to live the most independent life possible

  • must use evidence-based standards of care and recognize clinical practice guidelines by systematically identifying all intricate details involced in dealing with catastrophic injury from the day of evaluation to the end of the individual’s expected lifespan
  • should provide blueprint for the families of persons with injuries to assist in their management and care
56
Q

Key criteria essential to Life Care Plan include:

A
  • must be specific to the individual
  • must reflect full understanding of injuries and resultant disabilities
  • must consider possible complication or co-morbidities
  • must look at both short and long term needs
57
Q

Life Care Plans have utility across a variety of different applications including tools for:

A
  • personal injury
  • product liability
  • medical malpractice cases
  • families to use as roadmap to identify services
  • management of special needs trusts
  • insurance industry for cost containment
  • elder care industry for identification of long term care needs
  • veterans with polytrauma
  • case managers to maximize patient recovery and identify needed services for patients with catastrophic injury

ACBIS Exam (9 decks)

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