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Anatomy Exam 1 > Chapters 8 +12 > Flashcards

Chapters 8 +12 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of upper extremity?

A

Pectoral girdle (scapula + clavicle) and upper limb (phalanges, metacarpals, radius/ulna, humerus)

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2
Q

Formed by clavicle and scapula and is a connection of the upper limb to axial skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle

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3
Q

Strut between sternum and acromial process of scapular

A

Clavicle

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4
Q

Movements of the scapula

A

Elevation/depression + abduction/adduction

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5
Q

Ridge of bone on posterior side of scapula

A

Spine of scapula

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6
Q

Process at the end of the spine of the scapula

A

Acromial process

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7
Q

Anterior projection from superior scapula

A

Coracoid process

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8
Q

Depression above spine

A

Supraspinous fossa

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9
Q

Depression below spine

A

Infraspinous fossa

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10
Q

Depression on anterior side of scapula

A

Subscapular fossa

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11
Q

Depression on lateral side of scapula, articulates with humerus to form shoulder

A

Glenoid fossa

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12
Q

Bone of arm

A

Humerus

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13
Q

Articulates with scapula to form shoulder joint

A

Head

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14
Q

Projection on superior, lateral side of humerus

A

Greater tubercle

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15
Q

Projection on superior, anterior side of humerus

A

Lesser tubercle

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16
Q

Groove between greater and lesser tubercles

A

Intertuberclar groove

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17
Q

Insertion site for deltoid muscle

A

Deltoid tuberosity

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18
Q

Medial articular surface at distal end of humerus

A

Trochlea

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19
Q

Lateral articular surface at distal end of humerus

A

Capitulum

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20
Q

Projection of bone above trochlea

A

Medial epicondyle

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21
Q

Projection of bone above capitulum

A

Lateral epicondyle

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22
Q

Depression on posterior, distal end of humerus

A

Olecranon fossa

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23
Q

Lateral bone of forearm

A

Radius

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24
Q

Articulates with capitulum of humerus, part of radius

A

Head

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25
Q

Rough bump of bone at proximal end of radius

A

Radial tuberosity

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26
Q

Narrow projection of bone at distal end

A

Styloid process

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27
Q

Medial bone of forearm

A

Ulna

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28
Q

Projection of bone at proximal end of ulna

A

Olecranon process

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29
Q

Articular surface of ulna that forms elbow joint with trochlea of humerus

A

Trochlear notch

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30
Q

Narrow projection of bone at distal end of ulna

A

Styloid process

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31
Q

Dense connective tissue connecting shafts of radius and ulna

A

Interosseous membrane

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32
Q

Two rows of 4 bones at wrist, included scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

A

Carpals

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33
Q

Five long bones in palm of hand

A

Metacarpals

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34
Q

Finger bones, each finger has 3 phalanges (proximal, intermediate, and distal) except thumb only has two (proximal and distal)

A

Phalanges

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35
Q

Glenohumeral joint, between glenoid fossa of scapula and head of humerus, surrounded by ligaments and rotator cuff muscles for support

A

Shoulder joint

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36
Q

What are the movements at the shoulder joint?

A

Medial rotation-lateral rotation, abduction-adduction, flexion-extension

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37
Q

Between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna, hinge joint/uniaxial

A

Elbow joint

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38
Q

What movement is at the elbow joint?

A

Flexion-extension

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39
Q

Between radius and ulna, has two articulations (proximal and distal), pivot joint/uniaxial

A

Radioulnar joint

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40
Q

What movement is at the radioulnar joint?

A

Supination-pronation

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41
Q

Radiocarpal joint, between distal radius and carpals, condylar joint/biaxial

A

Wrist joint

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42
Q

What movement is at the wrist joint?

A

Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction

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43
Q

Between metacarpals and phalanges, condylar joints/biaxial

A

Metacarpophalangeal joints

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44
Q

What movements are at metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction

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45
Q

Between phalanges, two joints in digits 2-5 and only one in thumb, hinge joints/uniaxial

A

Interphalangeal joints

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46
Q

What movements are at interphalangeal joints?

A

Flexion-extension

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47
Q

Muscles that move scapula (trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior)

A

Muscles of upper extremity

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48
Q

What’s the origin of trapzius?

A

Occipital bone and spinous processes of vertebrae

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49
Q

What’s the insertion of trapezius?

A

Scapular spine, acromion, and distal clavicle

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50
Q

What’s the action of the trapezius?

A

Elevates, depresses, and adducts scapula

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51
Q

What’s the origin of the rhomboids?

A

Spinous process of vertebrae

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52
Q

What’s the insertion of the rhomboids?

A

Medial border of scapula

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53
Q

What’s the action of rhomboids?

A

Adducts scapula

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54
Q

What’s the origin of the levator scapulae?

A

Transverse process of vertebrae

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55
Q

What’s the insertion of levator scapulae?

A

Superior angle of scapula

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56
Q

What’s the action of levator scapulae?

A

Elevate scapula

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57
Q

What’s the origin of pectoralis minor?

A

Ribs

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58
Q

What’s the insertion of pectoralis minor?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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59
Q

What’s the action of pectoralis minor?

A

Depresses scapula

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60
Q

What’s the origin of serratus anterior?

A

Ribs

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61
Q

What’s the insertion of serratus anterior?

A

Medial border of scapula

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62
Q

What’s the action of serratus anterior?

A

Abduct scapula

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63
Q

What’s the origin of pectoralis major?

A

Sternum and clavicle

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64
Q

What’s the insertion of pectoralis major?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

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65
Q

What’s the action of pectoralis major?

A

Flex, adduct arm at shoulder

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66
Q

What’s the origin of coracobrachialis?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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67
Q

What’s the insertion of coracobrachialis?

A

Proximal humerus

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68
Q

What’s the action of coracobrachialis?

A

Flex and adduct arm at shoulder

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69
Q

What’s the origin of latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous process of vertbrae and iliac crest

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70
Q

What’s the insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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71
Q

What’s the action of latissimus dorsi?

A

Extend, abduct arm at shoulder

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72
Q

What’s the origin of teres major?

A

Inferior angle of scapula

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73
Q

What’s the insertion of teres major?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus (common insertion with latissimus dorsi)

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74
Q

What’s the action of teres major?

A

Extend, adduct arm at shoulder

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75
Q

What’s the origin of deltoid?

A

Scapular spine, acromion, clavicle

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76
Q

What’s the insertion of deltoid?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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77
Q

What’s the action of deltoid?

A

Abduct, flex, extend arm at shoulder

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78
Q

Both on anterior side of arm, flex and adduct the arm at shoulder

A

Pectoralis major and coracobrachialis

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79
Q

Both on posterior side and both extend and adduct the arm at shoulder

A

Latissimus dorsi and teres major

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80
Q

Large muscle that covers over shoulder joint

A

Deltoid muscle

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81
Q

What’s the origin of supraspinatus rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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82
Q

What’s the origin of infraspinatus rotator cuff?

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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83
Q

What’s the origin teres minor?

A

Lateral border of scapula

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84
Q

What’s the insertion of the rotator cuffs?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

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85
Q

What’s the action of supraspinatus rotator cuff?

A

Abduct arm at shoulder

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86
Q

What’s the action of infraspinatus and teres minor?

A

Laterally rotate arm at shoulder

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87
Q

What’s the origin of subscapularis?

A

Subscapular fossa of scapula

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88
Q

What’s the insertion of subscapularis?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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89
Q

What’s the action of subscapularis?

A

Medially rotate arm at shoulder

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90
Q

What’s the function of the rotator cuffs?

A

Support the shoulder

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91
Q

What muscles are part of the anterior compartment or the forearm?

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradioalis

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92
Q

What muscles are part of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Triceps brachii

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93
Q

What are the names of the 3 rotators in the forearm?

A

Pronator teres, pronator quadratus, supinator

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94
Q

What’s the origin of biceps brachii?

A

Long head (above glenoid fossa) short head (coracoid process of scapula)

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95
Q

What’s the insertion of biceps brachii?

A

Radial tuberosity of radius

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96
Q

What’s the action of biceps brachii?

A

Flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm

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97
Q

What’s the origin of brachialis?

A

Distal humerus

98
Q

What’s the insertion of brachialis?

A

Proximal ulna

99
Q

What’s the action of brachialis?

A

Flex forearm at elbow

100
Q

What’s the origin of brachioradialis?

A

Distal, lateral humerus

101
Q

What’s the insertion of brachioradialis?

A

Styloid process of radius

102
Q

What’s the action of brachioradialis?

A

Flex forearm at elbow

103
Q

What’s the origin of triceps brachii?

A

Lateral head (lateral surface of humerus) long head (below of glenoid fossa, medial head)

104
Q

What’s the insertion of triceps brachii?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

105
Q

What’s the action of triceps brachii?

A

Extend forearm at elbow

106
Q

What are the two pronators of forearm?

A

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

107
Q

What’s the origin of the pronators?

A

Ulna

108
Q

What’s the insertion of pronators?

A

Radius

109
Q

What’s the action of the pronators?

A

Pronates forearm

110
Q

What’s the origin of supinator?

A

Proximal ulna

111
Q

What’s the insertion of supinator?

A

Proximal radius

112
Q

What’s the action of supinator?

A

Supinates forearm

113
Q

What’s the origin of forearm flexors?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus, radius, and ulna

114
Q

What’s the insertion of forearm flexors?

A

Carpals, metacarpals, and hand phalanges

115
Q

What’s the action of the forearm flexors?

A

Flex wrist, fingers and thumb

116
Q

What’s the origin of the forearm extensors?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radius, and ulna

117
Q

What’s the insertion of forearm extensors?

A

Carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

118
Q

What’s the action of the forearm extensors?

A

Extend wrist, fingers, and thumb; abduct thumb

119
Q

What are the bones and the muscles of the lower extremity?

A

Pelvic girdle (os coxae) and lower limb (phalanges, metatarsals, femur, tibia + fibula)

120
Q

Formed by 3 fused bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis

A

Os coxa

121
Q

Superior part of the os coxa (top)

A

Ilium

122
Q

Posterior part of the os coxa (back)

A

Ischium

123
Q

Anterior part of the os coxa (front)

A

Pubis

124
Q

Ridge of bone on top of ilium

A

Iliac crest

125
Q

Projection at anterior end of iliac crest

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

126
Q

Project of bone just below anterior super iliac spine

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

127
Q

Depression formed by ilium, ischium, and pubis; formed part of hip joint

A

Acetabulum

128
Q

Top part of the pubic bone

A

Superior pubic ramus

129
Q

Bottom part of the pubic

A

Inferior pubic ramus

130
Q

Small bump of bone at medial end of superior pubic ramus

A

Pubic tubercle

131
Q

Large foramen between ischium and pubis

A

Obturator foramen

132
Q

Large, rough bump of bone on ischium

A

Ischial tuberosity

133
Q

Small notch above ischial tuberosity

A

Lesser sciatic notch

134
Q

Projection of bone between greater and lesser sciatic notches

A

Ischial spine

135
Q

Large notch between ischial spine and iliac crest

A

Greater sciatic notch

136
Q

Large depression on medial side of ilium

A

Iliac fossa

137
Q

Cartilaginous joint between left and right pubic bones

A

Pubic symphysis

138
Q

Bone of leg

A

Femur

139
Q

Articulates with the acetabulum of os coxae to form hip joint

A

Head

140
Q

Projection on proximal, lateral side of femur

A

Greater trochanter

141
Q

Projection on proximal, medial side of femur

A

Lesser trochanter

142
Q

Ridge of bone along posterior side of shaft

A

Linea aspera

143
Q

Small bump above medial epicondyle

A

Adductor tubercle

144
Q

Medial articular surface at distal end of femur, articulates with tibia

A

Medial condyle

145
Q

Projection of bone above medial condyle

A

Medial epicondyle

146
Q

Projection of bone above lateral condyle

A

Lateral epicondyle

147
Q

Largest sesamoid in body, grows inside tendon for quadriceps, articulates with femur

A

Patella

148
Q

Lateral bone of the leg

A

Fibula

149
Q

Part of the fibula that articulates with the lateral side of proximal tibia

A

Head

150
Q

Part of the fibula that is a projection of bone at the distal end

A

Lateral malleolus

151
Q

Medial bone of the leg

A

Tibia

152
Q

Part of the tibia that is an anterior projection of bone at the proximal end

A

Tibial tuberosity

153
Q

Part of the tibia that is a projection of bone at distal end

A

Medial malleolus

154
Q

Dense connective tissue connecting shafts of tibia and fibula

A

Interossesous membrane

155
Q

Set of 7 bones of proximal foot; includes talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms

A

Tarsals

156
Q

Five long bones in foot

A

Metatarsals

157
Q

Toe bones, each toe has 3 except the big toe

A

Phalanges

158
Q

Between distal femur and proximal tibia, hinge joint/uniaxial, largest synovial joint of body

A

Hip joint

159
Q

What movements take place at the hip joint?

A

Medial rotation, lateral rotation, and flexion-extension

160
Q

Between distal femur and proximal tibia, hinge joint/uniaxial, largest synovial joint of body

A

Knee joint

161
Q

What are the internal ligaments of the knee?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament

162
Q

What are the external ligaments of the knee?

A

Medial collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligament

163
Q

What is the cartilage of the knee?

A

Medial meniscus and lateral meniscus

164
Q

What is the movement of the knee?

A

Flexion-extension

165
Q

What is an unhappy triad?

A

Blow to lateral knee that results in a torn medical meniscus, ACL, or MCL

166
Q

Between distal tibia, fibula, and talus; has two articulations (proximal and distal); condylar joint/biaxial

A

Ankle joint

167
Q

What are the movements of the ankle joint?

A

Flexion-extension (plantar flexion) and inversion-eversion (dorsiflexion)

168
Q

Between metatarsals and phalanges; condylar joints and biaxial

A

Metatarsophalangeal joints

169
Q

What are the movements of the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

Flexion-extension and abduction-adduction

170
Q

Between phalanges, two joints in digits 2-5 but only 1 in the big toe; hinge joint/uniaxial

A

Interphalangeal joints

171
Q

What is the movement at the interphalangeal joints?

A

Flexion-extension

172
Q

What are the 3 compartments the muscles that move the thigh?

A

Abdomen, gluteal region, and medial compartment

173
Q

What muscles are part of the abdomen compartment?

A

Psosas major and iliacus

174
Q

Originate from within abdomen and have a common tendon (iliopsoas tendon) that inserts onto lesser tubercle

A

Psoas major and iliacus

175
Q

What’s the origin of the psoas major?

A

Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

176
Q

What’s the origin of the iliacus?

A

Iliac fossa of ilium

177
Q

What’s the insertion of the psoas major and the iliacus?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

178
Q

What’s the action of the psoas major and the iliacus?

A

Flex thigh at hip

179
Q

What’s the origin of gluteus maximus?

A

Iliac crest and sacrum

180
Q

What’s the insertion of gluteus maximus?

A

Linea aspera and iliotibical band

181
Q

What’s the action of the gluteus maximus?

A

Extend thigh at hip

182
Q

What’s the origin of gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Ilium

183
Q

What’s the insertion of gluteus medius and minumus?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

184
Q

What’s the action of gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Abduct thigh at hip

185
Q

What’s the order of the gluteal region?

A

(superficial to deep) gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus

186
Q

What’s the order of the medial compartment of thigh?

A

(superficial to deep) adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus

187
Q

What’s the origin of the gracilis?

A

Pubis

188
Q

What’s the insertion of gracilis?

A

Medial, proximal tibia

189
Q

What’s the action of the gracilis?

A

Adduct thigh at hip

190
Q

What’s the origin of adductor magnus, locus, and brevis?

A

Pubic and ischium

191
Q

What’s the insertion of adductor magnus, locus, and brevis?

A

Linea aspera (magnus is also tubercle)

192
Q

What’s the action of adductor magnus, locus, and brevis?

A

Adduct thigh at hip

193
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Quadriceps, sartorius, and tensor fasciae latae

194
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Hamstrings

195
Q

Found on anterior, lateral thihgh

A

Tensor fasciae latae

196
Q

What’s the origin of the tensor fasciae latae?

A

Iliac crest

197
Q

What’s the insertion of the tensor fasciae latae?

A

Lateral tibia via iliotibial band

198
Q

What’s the action of the tensor fasciae latae?

A

Abduct thigh at hip, tenses IT band to stabilize hip and knee joints

199
Q

What’s the origin of sartorius?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

200
Q

What’s the insertion of sartorius?

A

Medial tibia - from pes anserinus

201
Q

What’s the action of sartorius?

A

Flexes and laterally rotates thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee

202
Q

What are the four heads of the quadriceps?

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

203
Q

What’s the origin of rectus femoris?

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

204
Q

What’s the origin of vastus muscles?

A

Linea aspera

205
Q

What’s the insertion of the quadriceps?

A

Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

206
Q

What’s the action of the rectus femoris?

A

Flex thigh at hip and extend leg at knee

207
Q

What’s the action of the vastus muscles?

A

Extend leg at knee

208
Q

Contains semitendinosus, semimembranous, and biceps femoris

A

Hamstrings

209
Q

Two heads (long and short), but only long head is considered part of hamstring

A

Biceps femoris

210
Q

What’s the origin of the hamstrings?

A

semitendinosus, semimembranous, and long head of biceps femoris: ischial tuberosity
short head of biceps femoris: linea aspera

211
Q

What’s the insertion of hamstrings?

A

semitendinosus, semimembranous: proximal, medial tibia
biceps femoris: head of fibula

212
Q

What’s the action of hamstrings?

A

Extend thigh at hip, flex leg at knee

213
Q

Common insertion of sartorius, gracilis, and semtendinosus

A

Pes anserius

214
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the muscles that move the foot?

A

Anterior, lateral, and posterior

215
Q

What muscles does the anterior compartment of the muscles that move the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus

216
Q

Tendons that travel from digits 2-5 in the foot

A

Extensor digitorum longus

217
Q

Tendon that travels to distal phalanx of big toe

A

Extensor hallucis longus

218
Q

What’s the origin of the extensors in the foot?

A

Tibia and fibula

219
Q

What’s the insertion of tibialis anterior?

A

1st metatarsal

220
Q

What’s the insertion of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Distal phalanges 2-5

221
Q

What’s the insertion of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Distal phalanx of hallux

222
Q

What’s the action of tibialis anterior?

A

Extend and invert foot at ankle

223
Q

What’s the action of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Extend digits 2-5

224
Q

What’s the action of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Extend hallux and foot

225
Q

What muscles does the lateral compartment of the muscles that move the foot?

A

Fibularis longus and brevis

226
Q

Travels across plantar side (bottom) of foot to insert all the way to the first metatarsal (of big toe); everts foot

A

Fibularis longus

227
Q

Inserts on the 5th metatarsal and its action is to evert foot

A

Fibularis brevis

228
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior superficial group of muscles that move to foot?

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

229
Q

Two-headed muscle on posterior leg

A

Gastrocnemius

230
Q

Flat muscle deep to gastrocnemius

A

Soleus

231
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior deep group of muscles that move to foot?

A

Tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, and flexor digitorum longus

232
Q

What’s the origin of the gastrocnemius?

A

Femoral condyles

233
Q

What’s the origin of soleus?

A

Tibia and fibula

234
Q

What’s the insertion of calcaneus?

A

Calcaneus tendon

235
Q

What’s the action of the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the foot?

A

Plantar-flex foot at ankle

236
Q

What’s the origin of the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the foot?

A

Tibia and fibula

237
Q

What’s the insertion of the tibialis posterior?

A

1st metatarsal

238
Q

What’s the insertion of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Distal phalanges 2-5

239
Q

What’s the insertion of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Distal phalanx of hallux

240
Q

What’s the action of tibialis posterior?

A

Flex and invert foot at ankle

241
Q

What’s the action of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Flex digits 2-5 and foot

242
Q

What’s the action of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Flex hallux and foot

Anatomy Exam 1 (4 decks)

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