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Anatomy Exam 1 > Chapter 7+11 > Flashcards

Chapter 7+11 Flashcards

1
Q

The central axis of the body; includes skull bones, auditory ossicles, teeth, hyoid, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, ribs, and sternum

A

Axial skeleton

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2
Q

The bones of pectoral and pelvic girdles and extremities; includes clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, os coxae, femur, tibia, patella, fibula, tarsals, and metatarsals

A

Appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

Front portion of skull

A

Frontal bone

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4
Q

Passageway for nerves and vessels above orbit

A

Supraorbital foramen

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5
Q

Top part of skull, two sides that are separated by sutures

A

Parietal bone

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6
Q

On either side of skull, nears the ears, the “temple”

A

Temporal bone

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7
Q

Flat part of temporal bone along the side of the cranium, “outside”

A

Squamous portion

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8
Q

Forms part of the cranial base and holds the inner and middle ear structures, “inner area”

A

Petrous portion

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9
Q

Bony projection for attachment of muscles

A

Mastoid process

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10
Q

The thin pointy projection for attachment of muscles

A

Styloid process

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11
Q

Canal through the temporal bone for vibrations in air to travel to contact tympanic membrane (ear drum)

A

External acoustic meatus

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12
Q

Depression in bone, articulation site for mandibular condyle to form the temporomandibular joint

A

Mandibular fossa

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13
Q

The back of the skull

A

Occipital bone

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14
Q

Large opening in the base of the skull for passage of spinal cord

A

Foramen magnum

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15
Q

Smooth surfaces for articulation with first cervical vertebrae (atlas)

A

Occipital condyles

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16
Q

Behind the eyes and below front part of brain, looks like a butterfly

A

Sphenoid bone

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17
Q

Larger lateral projections of sphenoid bone

A

Greater wing

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18
Q

Flat superior portions of sphenoid

A

Lesser wing

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19
Q

Means Turkish saddle, saddle-shaped depression where pituitary gland sits

A

Sella turica

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20
Q

Front of nose, part of cranium

A

Ethmoid bone

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21
Q

Superior projection into cranial cavity

A

Crista galli

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22
Q

Inferior projection that forms superior part of nasal septum

A

Perpendicular plate

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23
Q

Divide 4 major bones of skull

A

Sutures

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24
Q

Divides parietal and frontal skull

A

Coronal suture

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25
Q

Divides left and right parietal skull

A

Sagittal suture

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26
Q

Divides parietal and occipital skull

A

Lambdoid suture

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27
Q

Divides parietal and temporal skull

A

Squamosal suture

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28
Q

Soft spots on an infants skull where bones have not yet fused together; allow for more skull growth during infancy and flexibility during birth

A

Fontanelles

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29
Q

Vertical plate that forms inferior part of nasal septum

A

Vomer

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30
Q

Divides left and right spaces of nasal cavity, formed by perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone and vomer

A

Nasal septum

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31
Q

Jaw/jawbone, upper jaw vertebraes

A

Maxilla

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32
Q

Opening below orbit for nerves and blood vessels to pass

A

Infraorbital foramen

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33
Q

Form hard plates with maxilla, directly behind maxilla

A

Palatine bones

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34
Q

Forms cheek and outer side of eye socket

A

Zygomatic bone

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35
Q

Projections from zygomatic and temporal bones articulate to form this

A

Zygomatic arch

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36
Q

Form bridge of nose

A

Nasal bones

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37
Q

Forms part of eye socket, tears

A

Lacrimal bone

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38
Q

Passageway from lacrimal bone (orbit) to nasal cavity for drainage of tears

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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39
Q

Lower part of jawbone

A

Mandible

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40
Q

Vertical portion of mandible

A

Ramus

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41
Q

Body, horizontal part of mandible that holds the teeth

A

Corpus

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42
Q

Posterior projection from ramus that articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone to form temporomandibular joint

A

Mandibular condyle

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43
Q

Anterior projection from ramus

A

Coronoid process

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44
Q

Opening below teeth near chin for nerves and blood vessels

A

Mental foramen

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45
Q

Spaces within bones that surround nasal cavity, produce mucus that drains into nasal cavity

A

Paranasal sinuses

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46
Q

A paranasal sinus, within frontal bone

A

Frontal sinus

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47
Q

A paransal sinus, within maxillae

A

Maxillary sinus

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48
Q

A paranasal sinus, within sphenoid bone

A

Sphenoid sinus

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49
Q

A paranasal sinus, within ethmoid bone

A

Ethmoid sinus

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50
Q

Formed by mandibular fossa of temporal bone and mandibularcondyle of mandible

A

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

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51
Q

Series of 3 tiny bones within temporal bone that attach to tympanic membrane to transmit sounds vibrations to inner ear (cochlea)

A

Auditory ossicles

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52
Q

What are the 3 auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus, stapes, and incus

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53
Q

Sits high in neck, below mandible, does not articulate with any other bone, but is an important bone for neck muscles to attach

A

Hyoid bone

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54
Q

7 small vertebrae found in neck

A

Cervical vertebrae

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55
Q

12 vertebrae in thorax that articulate with ribs

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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56
Q

5 large vertebrae of lower back

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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57
Q

5 vertebrae that have fused together to form one bone, forms part of pelvis

A

Sacrum vertebrae

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58
Q

4 very small vertebrae that have fused to form one bone, vestigial tail

A

Coccyx

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59
Q

Main weight bearing portion of vertebrae

A

Body

60
Q

Arch of bone from body on vertebrae, formed by pedicles and laminae

A

Vertebral arch

61
Q

Section between body and transverse process of vertebrae

A

Pedicle

62
Q

Section between transverse process and spinous process

A

Lamina

63
Q

Lateral projections from vertebral arch

A

Transverse process

64
Q

Posterior projection from vertebral process

A

Spinous process

65
Q

Hole in vertebrae for passage of spinal cord

A

Vertebral foramen

66
Q

Projections to articulate with adjacent vertebrae

A

Articular processes

67
Q

Part of cervical vertebrae, spinous process splits into 2 projections

A

Bifid spinous process

68
Q

Holes within transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

A

Transverse foramina

69
Q

Articulates with occipital condyles of skull, doesn’t have a body, has posterior tubercle rather than a spinous process, part of cervical vertebrae

A

C1 - atlas

70
Q

Has superior projection calles dens (odontoid process) that articulates with C1, part of cervical vertebrae

A

C2 - axis

71
Q

Pivot joint between atlas and axis that allows for rotation of head

A

Atlantoaxial joint

72
Q

Small articular surfaces on vertebral bodies for articulation with ribs, part of thoracic vertebrae

A

Demifacets

73
Q

Abnormal lateral curvature of spine

A

Scoliosis

74
Q

Excessive thoracic curvature (hunchback)

A

Kyphosis

75
Q

Excessive lumbar curvature

A

Lordosis

76
Q

Posterior end of bone that articulates with vertebral bodies

A

Head

77
Q

Posterior bump that articulates with transverse processes

A

Tubercle

78
Q

Groove along inferior surface where nerves and blood vessels travel under bone

A

Costal groove

79
Q

What are the 3 parts of sternum?

A

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid

80
Q

Junction of manubrium and body of sternum

A

Sternal angle

81
Q

Superior part of sternum

A

Manubrium

82
Q

Middle part of sternum

A

Body

83
Q

Inferior part of sternum

A

Xiphoid

84
Q

What’s the origin of orbicularis oculi?

A

Margin of orbit

85
Q

What’s the insertion of orbicularis oculi?

A

Skin surrounding eyelids

86
Q

What’s the action of orbicularis oculi?

A

Closes eyes

87
Q

What’s the origin of orbicularis oris?

A

Maxilla and mandible

88
Q

What’s the insertion of orbicularis oris?

A

Skin surrounding mouth

89
Q

What’s the action of obicularis oris?

A

Purses lips

90
Q

What’s the origin of buccinator?

A

Maxilla and mandible

91
Q

What’s the insertion of buccinator?

A

Orbicularis oris

92
Q

What’s the action of the buccinator?

A

Compresses cheeks, holds food between teeth

93
Q

What’s the origin of platysma?

A

Skin of shoulder and chest

94
Q

What’s the insertion of platysma?

A

Skin of mandible and cheek

95
Q

What’s the action of platysma?

A

Tenses skin of neck

96
Q

The muscles that insert onto the skin in order to move the face and create various expressions, reside in hypodermis layer of skin

A

Muscles of facial expression

97
Q

The muscles that move mandible to masticate food; include temporalis, masseter, medial + lateral pterygoid muscles

A

Muscles of mastication

98
Q

What’s the origin of massester?

A

Zygomatic arch

99
Q

What’s the insertion of masseter?

A

Lateral surface of mandibular ramus and angle

100
Q

What’s the action of masseter?

A

Elevates and protects mandible

101
Q

What’s the origin of temporalis?

A

Lateral side of neurocranium

102
Q

What’s the insertion of temporalis?

A

Coronoid process of mandible

103
Q

What’s the action of temporalis?

A

Elevates and retracts mandible

104
Q

What’s the origin of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Manubrium and clavicle

105
Q

What’s the action of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Unilaterally-ipsilaterally side bends the neck and contralaterally rotates the head, bilaterally-flexes neck

106
Q

What does bilateral mean?

A

Muscles on both side contract

107
Q

What does unilateral mean?

A

Muscle on one side contracts

108
Q

What does ipsilateral mean?

A

Move toward same side

109
Q

What does contralateral mean?

A

Move towards opposite side

110
Q

Shortening, spasm, or fibrosis of sternocleidomastoid

A

Torticollis

111
Q

What’s the origin of infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternum and scapula

112
Q

What’s the insertion of infrahyoid muscles?

A

Hyoid bone

113
Q

What’s the action of infrahyoid muscles?

A

Depresses or stabilizes hyoid

114
Q

What’s the origin suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mastoid and styloid processes, hyoid

115
Q

What’s the insertion of suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mandible

116
Q

What’s the action of suprahyoid muscles?

A

Elevate hyoid, depresses mandible when infrahyoid muscles stabilize hyoid bone

117
Q

What’s the origin of erector spinae?

A

Spinous process, sacrum, and ilium

118
Q

What’s the insertion of erector spinae?

A

Vertebrae and ribs

119
Q

What’s the action of erector spinae?

A

Extends the spine, maintains posture

120
Q

What’s the origin of rectus abdominis?

A

Pubic bone

121
Q

What’s the insertion of rectus abdominis?

A

Xiphoid process and inferior ribs

122
Q

What’s the action of rectus abdominis?

A

Flex trunk, compresses abdomen

123
Q

White line down the middle of the rectus abdominis, attachment site for all abdominal muscles except rectus abdominis

A

Linea alba

124
Q

What’s the origin of external oblique?

A

Inferior ribs

125
Q

What’s the action of external oblique?

A

Flex and rotate trunk, compress abdomen

126
Q

Fibers directed down and in, most superficial layer of abdominal wall

A

External oblique

127
Q

Fibers directed up and in, second muscle layer of abdominal wall

A

Internal oblique

128
Q

What’s the origin of internal oblique?

A

Iliac crest

129
Q

What’s the insertion of internal oblique?

A

Linea alba

130
Q

What’s the action of internal oblique?

A

Flex and rotate trunk, compresses abdomen

131
Q

Fibers directed side to side, deepest muscle layer of abdominal wall

A

Transverseus abdominis

132
Q

What’s the origin of transversus abdominis?

A

Inferior ribs and iliac crest

133
Q

What’s the insertion of transversus abdominis?

A

Linea alba

134
Q

What’s the action of transversus abdominis?

A

Rotate trunk, compresses abdomen

135
Q

What’s the origin of quadratus luborum?

A

Iliac crest

136
Q

What’s the insertion of quadratus luborum?

A

Inferior ribs

137
Q

What’s the action of quadratus luborum?

A

Extend vertebral column and elevate hip

138
Q

What’s the origin of respiratory diaphragm?

A

Internal surface of ribs, xiphoid process, lumbar vertebrea

139
Q

What’s the insertion of respiratory diaphragm?

A

Central tendon

140
Q

What’s the action of respiratory diaphragm?

A

Diaphragm flattens for inhalation

141
Q

What’s the origin of intercostal muscles?

A

Ribs

142
Q

What’s the insertion of intercostal muscles?

A

Adjacent ribs

143
Q

What’s the action of intercostal muscles?

A

Assists with respiration

144
Q

Superficial layer of intercostal muscle, down and in

A

External intercostals

145
Q

Deeper layer of intercostal muscle, down and out

A

Internal intercostals

Anatomy Exam 1 (4 decks)

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