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General Psychology I > Chapters 7 & 8 > Flashcards

Chapters 7 & 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Problem-solving method in which one possible method after another is tried until a successful one is found

A

Trial and error (mechanical solution)

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2
Q

Creation of a machine that can act like a human

A

Artificial Intelligence

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3
Q

What is the IQ range of a bright person?

A

110-120

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4
Q

What is the equation for an IQ test?

A

Mental age divided by chronological age times one hundred

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5
Q

The tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people

A

Reliability

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6
Q

The 2 percent of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above

A

Gifted

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7
Q

Very specific, step by step procedure for solving certain types of problems

A

Algorithums

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8
Q

Study of changes in people from conception until death

A

Human development

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9
Q

The ability to learn from one’s experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems

A

Intelligence

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10
Q

What are the 9 multiple intelligences?

A
  1. Verbal Linguistic
  2. Musical
  3. Logical/ mathematical
  4. Verbal/ spatial
  5. Movement
  6. Interpersonal
  7. Intrapersonal
  8. Naturalist
  9. Existentialist
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11
Q

What is another word for thinking?

A

Cognition

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12
Q

A person’s behavioral and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same chronological age

A

Developmentally delayed

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13
Q

What is the average IQ for teens?

A

90-110

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14
Q

The degree to which a test actually measures what it’s supposed to measure

A

Validity

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15
Q

Process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving certain ways

A

Problem-solving

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16
Q

The theory that genes effect human development

A

Nature

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17
Q

A gene that only influences the expression of the trait when paired with an identical gene

A

Recessive Gene

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18
Q

What of human thought processes has yet to be developed in a machine?

A

True flexibility

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19
Q

A different group of participants are studied at one time

A

Cross Sectional Design

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20
Q

Mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing and attempting to understand information, and communicating information to others.

A

Thinking (cognition)

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21
Q

The process of giving the test to a large group of people that represents the kind of people for when the test is designed

A

Standardization

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22
Q

What is the average IQ for superior people?

A

120-130

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23
Q

An educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem. Also known as a “rule of thumb”

A

Heuristic

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24
Q

Molecule containing organism’s genetic material

A

DNA

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25
Q

Where a participant or group of participants are studied over a long period of time

A

Longitudinal design

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26
Q

The theory that parenting and the environment affect human development

A

Nurture

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27
Q

Sudden perception of a solution to a problem

A

Insight

28
Q

First two weeks after fertilization, during which the zygote moves down to the uterus

A

Germinal Period

29
Q

Section of DNA having some arrangement of chemical elements

A

Gene

30
Q

Uniting of egg and sperm

A

Fertilization

31
Q

What are the 5 infant reflexes?

A
  1. Grasping
  2. Moro startle
  3. Rooting
  4. Stepping
  5. Sucking
32
Q

Science of inherited traits

A

Genetics

33
Q

Cell resulting from egg-cell union

A

Zygote

34
Q

What is an ovum?

A

Egg

35
Q

A gene that actively controls the expression of the trait

A

Dominant Gene

36
Q

Any factor that can cause a birth defect

A

Teratogen

37
Q

Name for the developing organism from eight weeks after fertilization to the birth of the baby

A

Fetus

38
Q

Two to eight weeks after fertilization, during which the major organs and structures of the organism develop

A

Embryonic Period

39
Q

2 eggs, 2 sperm, 2 different babies

A

Dizygotic

40
Q

Moment pregnancy begins

A

Conception

41
Q

The time from about eight weeks after conception until the birth of the child

A

Fetal Period

42
Q

The development of thinking, problem-solving, and memory

A

Cognitive Development

43
Q

Times during which contain environmental influences. Can have an impact on the development of an infant

A

Critical Periods

44
Q

What are the four critical areas of adjustment for the newborn?

A
  1. Respiration
  2. Digestion
  3. Circulation
  4. Temperature regulation
45
Q

What are the 5 motor milestones?

A
  1. Raising Head
  2. Rolling Over
  3. Sitting Up
  4. Crawling
  5. Walking
46
Q

In Piaget’s stage theory, what stage is it when the infant uses its senses and motor abilities to interact with objects in the environment?

A

Sensorimotor Stage

47
Q

In Piaget’s stage theory, what stage is it when the adolescent becomes capable of abstract thinking?

A

Formal Operations

48
Q

The tendency of a young child to focus only on one feature of an object while ignoring other relevant features

A

Centration

49
Q

Out of the attachment styles, which one is unattached; explore without “touching base?”

A

Avoidant Attachment

50
Q

In Piaget’s stage theory, what stage is it when the preschool child learns to use language as a means of exploring the world?

A

Preoperational Stage

51
Q

In the stages of language development, what stage is it when the baby uses simple sentences?

A

Telegraphic Speech

52
Q

Out of the attachment styles, which one is willing to explore, upset when mother departs but easily soothed upon her return?

A

Secure Attachment

53
Q

The knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight

A

Objective Permanence

54
Q

In the stages of language development, what stage is around 6 months of age?

A

Babbling

55
Q

In the stages of language development, what stage is it when the baby says only one word?

A

One-word speech (Holophrases)

56
Q

In Piaget’s stage theory, what stage is it when the school-age child becomes capable of logical thought processes but is not yet capable of abstract thinking?

A

Concrete Operations Stage

57
Q

Out of the attachment styles, which one is insecurely attached; upset when mother leaves and then angry with mother upon her return?

A

Ambivalant Attachment

58
Q

In the stages of language development, what stage is around the age of 3?

A

Whole Sentences

59
Q

The ability to understand that simply changing the appearance of an object does not change the object’s nature

A

Conservation

60
Q

Bond between infant and caregiver?

A

Attachment

61
Q

In the stages of language development, what stage is it when the baby eewws or ahhs?

A

Cooing Stage

62
Q

Out of the attachment styles, which one is insecurely attached and sometimes abused or neglected; seems fearful, dazed, and depressed?

A

Disorganized Attachment

63
Q

The inability to see the world through anyone else’ eyes

A

Egocentrism

64
Q

In the stages of language development, what stage is before the age of 1?

A

One-word Speech (Holophrases)

65
Q

Behavioral characteristics established at birth

A

Temperament

66
Q

The inability of the young child to mentally reverse an action

A

Irreversability

General Psychology I (2 decks)

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