Chapters 6/9/10 Test Flashcards

Question

gender gap

Answer 1

refers to the regular pattern by which women are more likely to support Democratic candidates

Answer 2

the degree of religiousness; how religious one is

Answer 3

people who think in ideological terms

Answer 4

think of politics mainly in terms of the groups they like or dislike

Answer 5

handle on politics limited to whether the times were good or bad to them; might link party in control with country's mis/fortune

Answer 6

voters devoid of any ideological or issue content; voted routinely for a party or judged solely on personalities

Answer 7

all the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue

Answer 8

widely accepted modes of influencing government (e.g. voting, petitions, running for office, etc.)

Answer 9

dramatic activities (e.g. protesting, civil disobedience, violence, etc.)

Answer 10

for of political participation designed to achieve policy change through dramatic and unconventional tactics

Answer 11

form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences

Answer 12

master game plan candidates lay out to guide their electoral campaign

Answer 13

a meeting of all state party leaders for selecting delegates to the national party convention; *usually organized as a pyramid *

Answer 14

state party leaders who historically controlled who went to the convention and how the state's delegates voted once they got there

Answer 15

key inducement used by party machine; job, promotion, or contract given for political reasons rather than for merit or competence alone

Answer 16

first one to happen; lots of media attention/campaigning there because sets momentum/etc. for candidates

Answer 17

presidential primary: elections in which voters in a state vote for a candidate (or delegates pledged to them)

Answer 18

not required to declare party affiliation

Answer 19

primary limited to registered party members; encourages party loyalty

Answer 20

formed at the 1968 Democratic convention in response to demands for reform by minority groups and others who sought better representation

Answer 21

national party leaders who automatically get a delegate slot at the Democratic national party convention

Answer 22

first one; similar to Iowa caucus; lots of campaigning/= important for candidates

Answer 23

recent tendency of states to hold primaries early int he calendar in order to capitalize on media attention

Answer 24

low voter turnout, disproportionate attention goes to the early caucuses and primaries, prominent politicians find it difficult to taker time out of their duties to run, money plays too big a role, participation is low and unrepresentative, system gives too much power to the media

Answer 25

proposal by critics of the caucuses and presidential primaries, which would replace these electoral methods with a nationwide primary held early in the election year

Answer 26

the supreme power within each of the parties; meets every four years to nominate the party's presidential and vice-presidential candidates and to write the party's platform

Answer 27

a political party's statement of its goals and policies of rate next four years; drafted prior to the party convention by a committee whose members are chosen in rough proportion to each candidate's strength; best formal state of a party's beliefs

Answer 28

high-tech method of raising money for a political cause or candidate; involves sending info and requests for money to people whose names appear on lists of those who have supported similar views or candidates in the past

Answer 29

1974 law passed for reforming campaign finances; created the Federal Election Commission, provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions

Answer 30

six member-bipartisan agency created by the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974; administers and enforces campaign finance laws

Answer 31

money from the $3 federal income tax check-off goes into this fund, which is then distributed to qualified candidates to subsidize their presidential campaigns

Answer 32

contributions of up to $250 are matched from the Presidential Election Campaign Fund to candidates for the presidential nomination who qualify and agree to meet various conditions such as limiting their overall spending

Answer 33

political contributions that are limited in amount and fully disclosed; antonym of soft money

Answer 34

The Supreme Court struck down, as a violation of free speech, the portion of the Federal Election Campaign Act that had limited the amount individuals could contribute to their own campaigns

Answer 35

major provision banned soft money contributions

Answer 36

political contributions earmarked for party-building expenses at the grass-roots level or for generic party advertising; such party donations are not subject to contribution limits, unlike money that goes to the campaign of a particular candidate; banned by McCain-Feingold Act

Answer 37

independent groups that seek to influence the political process but are not subject to contribution restrictions because they do not directly seek the election of particular candidates

Answer 38

funding vehicles created by the 1974 campaign finance reforms; a corporation, union, or some other interest group can create a political action committee and register it with the Federal Election Commission ,which will meticulously monitor the PAC's expenditures

Answer 39

Political spending is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment, and the government may not keep corporations or unions from spending money to support or denounce individual candidates in elections. While corporations or unions may not give money directly to campaigns, they may seek to persuade the voting public through other means, including ads, especially where these ads were not broadcast. (created super PACs)

Answer 40

a type of independent political action committee which may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, and individuals but is not permitted to contribute to or coordinate directly with parties or candidates.

Answer 41

the phenomenon that people often pay the most attention to things they already grew with and interpret them according to their own predispositions

Answer 42

a characterization of elections by political scientists meaning that they are almost universally accepted as a fair and free method of selecting political leaders; when legitimacy is high, as in the United States, even the losers accept the results peacefully

Answer 43

a state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment

Answer 44

a process permitted in some states whereby voters may put proposed changes in the state constitution to a vote if sufficient signatures are obtained on petitions calling for such a referendum

Answer 45

a procedure that allows voters to call a special election for a specific official in an attempt to throw them out of office before the end of their term; recalls are only permitted in 17 stets, are seldom used because of their cost and disruptiveness, and are rarely successful

Answer 46

Adams v. Jefferson -> Jefferson v. Boar; first election transition of power

Answer 47

Bitter Fight over economic interest; McKinley v. Bryan; McKinley = gold standard/high tariffs

Answer 48

election about change; McCain v. Obama

Answer 49

15 = black men right to vote, 23 = D.C. can vote

Answer 50

17 = citizens elect the Senate, 19 = women, 24 = poll taxes

Answer 51

the belief that one's political participation really matters, that one's vote can actually make a difference

Answer 52

the belief that in order to support democratic government, a citizen should always vote

Answer 53

a system adopted by the states that requires voters to register well in advance of Election Day; a few states permit Election Day registration

Answer 54

pass in 1993, went into effect for the 1996 election; requires states to permit people to register to vote at the same time they apply for their driver's license

Answer 55

more educated individuals, older people, white people, women, married people, government workers

Answer 56

the idea that the winning candidate has a mandate from the people to carry out their platforms and politics; politicians lie the theory better than political scientists do

Answer 57

voters' party identification, voters' evaluation of the candidates, the match between voters' policy positions and those of the candidates and parties

Answer 58

electoral choices that are made on the basis of the voters' policy preferences and on the basis of where the candidates stand on policy issues

Answer 59

an electoral system in which legislative seats are awarded only to the candidates who come in first in their constituencies

Answer 60

the only states that do not have a winner-take-all system

Answer 61

a theory of voting ins which voters essentially ask this simple question: "What have you done for me lately?"

Answer 62

agreement vs. polarized public opinions on issue

Answer 63

unless external forces act upon an object, it will remain at rest or moving linearly with a uniform speed

Answer 64

every action has an equal and opposite reaction