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Physical Geography > Chapters 6-7 > Flashcards

Chapters 6-7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Weather?

A

A variety of conditions through the day.

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2
Q

What is Climate?

A

Climate is the collective pattern of weather over many years.

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3
Q

What is Climatology?

A

Climatology is the study of the climate and its variability.

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4
Q

What is a Climatic Region?

A

Areas that share similar characteristics, mainly temperature and precipitation.

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5
Q

What are the four criteria for the Koppen Climate Classification?

A
  1. Monthly Mean Temp
  2. Monthly Mean Precipitation
  3. Mean Annual Temp
  4. Limit of Vegetation Communities
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6
Q

What is an Ecosystem?

A

A self regulating community formed by plants, animals, and the non-living environment.

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7
Q

What is a Climograph?

A

A graph that shows mean temp and precipitation for a given area.

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8
Q

What climates are Tropical (A)?

A

Rainforest (Af), Monsoon (Am), and Savanna (Aw)

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of a Tropical Climate (A)?

A

All months over 64.4 degrees with water exceeding demand.

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of an Arid and Semi Arid Climates? (B)?

A

All months have a moisture deficit.

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11
Q

What are the classifications in Arid and Semi Arid Climates (B)?

A

BW: Less than half of moisture demand
BS: More than half of moisture demand but not enough (Steppe)
Bh: Hot, over 64.4 degrees
Bk: Cold under 64.4 degrees

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12
Q

What climates are Mesothermal (C)?

A

Humid Subtropical hot-summer, Subtropical winter-dry, Marine West Coast, Mediterranean

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13
Q

What classifies as a Mesothermal Climate (C)?

A

Has all seasons, does not get below 32 degrees in the winter and does not get below 50 degrees in the summer

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14
Q

What climates are Microthermal (D)?

A

Humid continental-hot summer, mild summer, Subarctic cool summer, cold winter

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Microthermal Climates (D)?

A

Warmest month is over 50 degrees, coldest month is below 32 degrees, snowy

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16
Q

What climates are Polar (E)?

A

Tundra, Ice cap, Ice sheet

17
Q

What are the characteristics of Polar Climates (E)?

A

The warmest month is below 50 degrees

18
Q

What are the characteristics of Highland Climates (H)?

A

Elevational Controlled

19
Q

What percentage of living things is water?

A

70%

20
Q

What is the Hydrologic Cycle?

A

Circulating and transformation of water

21
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Plants release water from pores called stomata in their leaves.

22
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Net movement of free water molecules away from a wet surface into unsaturated air.

23
Q

What is Evapotranspiration?

A

How 14% of Earth’s water enters the atmosphere

24
Q

What is Infiltration?

A

When water soaks into the subsurface of soil

25
Q

What is Percolation?

A

After infiltration, water moves down into the soil or rock. The slow passage of water through a porous substance.

26
Q

What is Base Flow?

A

The portion of streamflow that consists of groundwater

27
Q

What is Gravitational Water?

A

When there is too much water, it percolates rapidly downwards through the pore spaces to deeper groundwater.

28
Q

What is Capillary Water?

A

Water is held in the soil by bonding with hydrogen.

29
Q

What is Hygroscopic Water?

A

Water is bound too tight to hydrogen.

30
Q

What is saturation?

A

When there is too much water for plants to get oxygen

31
Q

What is field capacity?

A

After excess water drains from the soil, the remaining water is available for plants

32
Q

What is the wilting point?

A

When the only water in the soil is unavailable for plants

33
Q

What is an Aquaphor?

A

Large amounts of fresh ground water

34
Q

What are characteristics of Effluent Conditions?

A

The water table is higher than the stream channel, water flows out from the surrounding ground into the stream

35
Q

What are characteristics of Influent Conditions?

A

The water table is lower than the stream channel, the stream’s water flows into groundwater

Physical Geography (3 decks)

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