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Physical Geography > Chapters 15-16 > Flashcards

Chapters 15-16 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Soil?

A

A dynamic (never changing) material made up of both mineral and organic matter

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2
Q

What is a Ped?

A

The smallest soil part.

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3
Q

What is a Soil Pedon?

A

A unit of soil that is used to test the characteristics and properties of the soil.

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4
Q

What is a Polypedon?

A

Multiple pedons over the entire land

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5
Q

What are the dynamic factors of soil formation?

A

Climate, Organisms

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6
Q

What are the passive factors of soil formation?

A

Relief, Parent Material, Time

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7
Q

What is the O soil horizon?

A

The top layer, named after Organic Composition

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8
Q

What is the A soil horizon?

A

Zone of Accumulation, Top soil, darker than the other layers,

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9
Q

What is the E soil horizon?

A

Zone of Eluviation, water filters through by percolation, mix of minerals and organic material

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10
Q

What is the B soil horizon?

A

Zone if Illuviation, where minerals are deposited causing it to look red, yellow, or white,

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11
Q

What is the C soil horizon?

A

Weathered bedrock and weathered parent material

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12
Q

What is the R soil horizon?

A

Bedrock, hard rock

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13
Q

What is the solum?

A

Horizons A, E, and B, biotic activity occurs in the solum, includes living layers of the soil

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14
Q

What are the three main textures of soil?

A

Sand, Silt, Clay

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15
Q

What is Ecology?

A

The study of the relationships between organisms and their environment

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16
Q

What is Biogeography?

A

The study of the distribution of plants and animals and how it changes over time

17
Q

What is an Ecosystem?

A

A self sustaining association of living plants and animals and their non living environment

18
Q

What is a Community?

A

Interacting of populations of plants and animals in a particular place

19
Q

What is a Population?

A

All of one species

20
Q

What are the main four Biogeochemical Cycles?

A

Carbon Cycle, Oxygen Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle, Phosphorus Cycle

21
Q

What is Primary Succession?

A

The beginning stage of an ecosystem

22
Q

What is Secondary Succession?

A

The growth of a new ecosystem when some aspect of a previously functioning community is still present.

23
Q

What is a Climax Community?

A

A community where life and death balance out

24
Q

What is Symbiosis?

A

Mutually Beneficial, one or both members benefit

25
Q

What is Mutualism?

A

Dependent, both members benefit equally,

26
Q

What is Parasitism?

A

One member benefits, one member loses

27
Q

Who coined the Law of the Minimum?

A

Liebig

Physical Geography (3 decks)

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