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EVDS 1660 > Chapters 6 - 12 > Flashcards

Chapters 6 - 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Catacomb

A

Jewish and Christian

underground tomb.

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2
Q

halo

A

circle shape behind head of important person.

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3
Q

narrative image

A

tells a story of a pas event.

** Cubiculum of Leonis

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4
Q

ionic image

A

symbolizes concepts and values developing religious ideas.

** Cubiculum of Leonis

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5
Q

monotheism

A

The belief that there is only one God.

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6
Q

Ten Commandments

A

God gave Ten Commandments on 2 stone slabs to Moses. Laws of good things and bad things to do.

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7
Q

Menorah

A

Jewish 7 candle.

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8
Q

Ark of Covenant

A

A chest where they keep the Ten Commandments

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9
Q

Torah

A

scroll containing Laws made of God

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10
Q

Old and New Testaments

A

Christian

A bible divided into 2 parts.

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11
Q

Synagogue

A

Jewish.

Communial social gathers. Located in private homes. Holds the Torah script.

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12
Q

Narthex

A

Architecture.

First part of church where people could go if not baptised.

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13
Q

evangelist

A

People who seeks to convert others to Christian religion

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14
Q

cathedral

A

Bishops church

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15
Q

diocese

A

a district under the pastoral care of a bishop in the Christian Church

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16
Q

Eucharist

A

Elaborate religious ceremony. performed by Jesus in the Last supper.

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17
Q

Syncretism

A

combing of different beliefs/traditions either unconsciously or deliberately and gave them a new message.

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18
Q

Orant

A

Pose of prayer. Arms are stretched out.

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19
Q

cubicula

A

small rooms, made out of tuff (a soft volcanic rock) then plastered and waiting with imagery related to their owner’s religious beliefs.

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20
Q

lunette

A

semi-circle space. Could be a painting or empty space. The space under an arch.

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21
Q

Vulgate

A

e

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22
Q

nave colonnade

A

row of columns in the nave

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23
Q

spoila

A

the repurposing of building stone for new construction, or reuse of decorative sculpture on new monuments, is an ancient and widespread practice whereby stone that has been quarried cut and used in a built structure, is carried away to be used elsewhere.

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24
Q

ambulatory

A

continuation of the aisled spaces on either side of the nave around the apse to form a continuous processional way.
** Santa Constantina Church

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25
Q

putti

A

a person. a child lige figure which is a cherub (kind of like cupid)

    • Harvesting of Grapes
    • Sarcophagus of Constantina
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26
Q

longitudinal-plan church

A
  • forecourt
  • atrium
  • narthex
  • nave
  • colonnade of columns
  • 2 aisles
  • clerestory windows
  • apse
  • transept
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27
Q

aisle

A

(Longitudinal-plan church) nave has 2 aisles.

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28
Q

Transept

A

(Longitudinal-plan church) a wing that crosses the nave in front of the apse, making the building a T-shape.

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29
Q

choir

A

(Longitudinal-plan church) When additional space (a liturgical choir) comes between the transept and the apse, the plan is known as a Latin cross.

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30
Q

central-plan building

A
  • atrium
  • narthex
  • apse
    • Church of Santa Constanza
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31
Q

oratory

A

small chapel

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32
Q

cruciform shape

A

(cross shape)

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33
Q

St. Peter

A

One of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ (according to the New Testament). Constantine built a church and dedicated it to him. Built on top of where he body is said to be buried.
** Old St. Peters.

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34
Q

Moses

A

An egyptian prince who later in life becomes a religious leader in lawgiver. Known in Judaism and Christianity. The authorship of the Torah

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35
Q

Solomon

A

Third king of United Monarchy

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36
Q

God of Abraham

A

Jewish

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37
Q

Adam and Eve

A

First people in this world that God created. They lived a bad life. Mostly known in Christian art.

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38
Q

Jonah

A

e

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39
Q

Constantine

A

r. 306-337) He granted his people the freedom to chose any religion they want. Built Old St. Peter.

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40
Q

Pontius Pilate

A

e

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41
Q

Judeo-Christian

A

groups Judaism and Christianity, either in reference to Christianity’s derivation from Judaism or due to perceived parallels or commonalities shared between the two traditions.

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42
Q

minarets

A

A tall slender tower on a Mosque. With a balcony for prayer.

** Hagia Sophia

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43
Q

conches

A

half domes that extends the central plan into a longitudinal plan
* Hagia Sophia

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44
Q

galleries

A

a covered passageway that is open at one side. (portico or colonnade) A narrow balcony running the length of a wall.

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45
Q

pendentives vs squinches

A

pendentive: provides circular base for support
squinches: provides octagonal base for support

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46
Q

ciborium

A

a canopy over an altar in a church, standing on four pillars.

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47
Q

ambo

A

a raised desk for resting the book and reading off of while standing.

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48
Q

martyrium

A

church built on top of the grave of a martyr

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49
Q

abbey church

A

e

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50
Q

pilgrimage church

A

A church which is on the pilgrimage route. Usually holds a relic.

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51
Q

relic

A

A parts of a Saint. could be bones, head, books, or clothing etc.

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52
Q

cathedral

A

A cathedral is a Christian church which contains the seat of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate

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53
Q

monasticism

A

Monasticism or monkhood is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work.

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54
Q

theophany

A

Theophany refers to the appearance of a deity to a human.

ex: could be in human form, cat form, rock form etc.

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55
Q

manuscripts

A

handwritten books.

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56
Q

parchment

A

material made of animal skin. Used for writing on.

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57
Q

scroll vs codes

A

codex: is a book constructed of a number of sheets of paper, vellum, papyrus, or similar materials, with hand-written contents
scroll: a continuous roll of parchment paper for writing or painting on.

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58
Q

miniatures

A

manuscripts often included illustrations called minatures (reddish lead pigment)

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59
Q

vellum

A

a fine writing surface made form calfskin.

* Rebecca at the well

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60
Q

continuous narrative

A

When a character is recurring.

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61
Q

ingot

A

block of steel, gold or silver in the form of a shape.

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62
Q

icons, iconophiles, iconoclasm

A

icons: images of Christ, Mary and the saints on panels. Icons were thus accepted as aids to meditation and prayer, as intermediaries between worshippers and the holy personages they depicted. Honour showed to the image was believed to transfer directly to its spiritual prototype.
iconoclasm: Image breaking. Emperor Leo 3 launched a campaign of iconoclasm (“image breaking”) banning the use of icons in worship and ordered destruction of pictures. some survived. Iconoclasm did not last. 787 iconoclasm was finished. in 813 it was reinstated again. And became an increasingly important role in Byzantine art.
iconophiles: image loving.

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63
Q

David and Goliath

A

David kills Goliath. with a rock and a sling.

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64
Q

Heraclius

A

Emperor of Byzantine in 610-641.

** Davids plate

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65
Q

Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora

A

Ruled from 527-565. Commisioned Hagia Sophia, San Vitale, and St. Catherine. Emperor was under attack and he wanted to flee, but Empress called him a coward and said she’d rather die a Empress then live a loser. They both stayed and killed 30,000 people in the process.

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66
Q

Hagia Sophia

A

Comissioned by Emperor Justinian.

elements: Naos, Conche, Narthex, forecourt, apse, minarets. Longitudinal and central plan.

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67
Q

Mount Sinai

A

n Egypt. The place where Moses received the Ten Commandments from Jesus.
** St. Catherine.

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68
Q

Crusaders

A

A series of wars to try to capture Jerusalem.

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69
Q

Katholikon

A

Domed octogonal church. rests on four squinches. central-plan.
** Monastery churches of Hosios Loukas

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70
Q

painterly

A

qualities of stroke, colour and texture of a piece of art.

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71
Q

lamentation

A

A book of the bible.

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72
Q

doge

A

E

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73
Q

enamed

A

e

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74
Q

psalter

A

Volume containing the book of Psalms.

** David composing the psalms

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75
Q

one-point perspective

A

drawing method as things appear to be getting smaller the greater the distance they are.

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76
Q

parekklesion

A

The apse at the East end of the building. The most important apse in church.
ex: Theotokos.

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77
Q

anastasis

A

The resurrection of Jesus.

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78
Q

Macedonian Renassance

A

another name for Middle Byzantine. Since it was marked by an intensified interest in the styles and themes of classical art, as well by a general revitalization of intellectual life, including the study and emulation go the classics.

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79
Q

Hosios Loukas

A

The Monastry is here. Katholikian and Theotokos.

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80
Q

Palaeologue Renaissance

A

Period from 1261-1453. Byzantine Emperor. (Late Byzantine Art)

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81
Q

mosque/masjid

A

a religious and social institution at the centre of Islamic culture. A place for wosrhip.

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82
Q

mihrab

A

a niche in the wall of a mosque. The point neatest to Mecca. towards which the congregation faces to pray.

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83
Q

tiraz

A

inscribed textiles.

** The Maqamat of Al-Hariri

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84
Q

minbar

A

short flight of steps used by a preacher in a mosque.

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85
Q

hijra

A

e.

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86
Q

arabesques

A

is a form of artistic decoration consisting of “surface decorations based on rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and interlacing foliage, tendrils” or plain lines, often combined with other elements

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87
Q

caliiph

A

e

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88
Q

piers

A

structural walls between opening bays. Larger then columns.

** dome of the rock

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89
Q

minaret

A

A tower which the faithful are called to prayer

** The Great Mosque, Kairouan

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90
Q

spoila

A

the repurposing of building stone for new construction, or the reuse of decorative sculpture on new monuments, is an ancient and widespread practice whereby stone that has been quarried cut and used in a built structure, is carried away to be used elsewhere.
** The Great Mosque, Cordoba

91
Q

maqsura

A

Enclosure in a mosque, situated near the mihrab and minbar, defined by a metal or timber screen, used by a ruler for purposes of protection and status

92
Q

qibla

A

the direction that should be faced during Muslim prayer

93
Q

calligraphy

A

The art of finely written word. The Calligraphers were high status since they needed to create the perfect ink formula, and the perfect lines with breathing techniques.

94
Q

kufic script

A

s blocky and angular, with strong up right stores and long horizontals.
** Page from the Qur’an

95
Q

diacritical marks

A

Diacritical markings are added to the top or bottom of a letter to indicate appropriate stress, special pronunciation, or unusual sounds not common in the alphabet.
** Page from the Qur’an

96
Q

surah

A

a soft twilled silk fabric used in dressmaking

97
Q

luster-ware

A

e

98
Q

madrasa

A

Name for any educational institution. Religious or for school.
** The sultan Hasen

99
Q

iwan

A

is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open.
** The Sultan Hasen

100
Q

chahar bagh

A

A garden form with cross-axial walkways dividing courtyard into quadrants.
** Palace of lions.

101
Q

muquarna

A

architectural ornamented vaulting, the “geometric subdivision of a squinch, or cupola, or corbel, into a large number of miniature squinches, producing a sort of cellular structure”, sometimes also called a “honeycomb” vault.
** Palace of lions

102
Q

mirador

A

a turret or tower attached to a building and providing an extensive view.

103
Q

baraka

A

is a kind of continuity of spiritual presence and revelation that begins with God and flows through that and those closest to God. Baraka can be found within physical objects, places, and people, as chosen by God.

104
Q

mina’i ware

A

Ceramics. Persian potters developed a technique of multicolor ceramic overglaze painting. mina’i = enamel.

105
Q

frontispiece

A

illustration facing title page of the book. (first page of the book)

106
Q

school of painting

A

and calligraphy was founded in the early 15th century under the highly cultured patronage of the Timurid dynasty.
most famous painter of school: Kamal al-Din Bihzad who worked under the patronage of Sultain Husayan Bayqara (r. 1470-1506)
** Yusuf Fleeing Zulayhka

107
Q

stained glass

A

coloured glass

** Baghdad Kiosk Alcoves

108
Q

tugras

A

imperial cyphers.
Ottoman tugras combined the ruler’s name and title with the motto “Eternally Victorious” into a monogram denoting the authority of the sultan and of those select officials who were also granted an emblem.
tugras appeared on seals, coins and buildings, as well as on official documents called firmans.
Drawn in black or blue with 3 long vertical strokes to the right of two concentric horizontal teardrops. Patterns fill the area within the script.
** Illuminated Tugra of Sultan Suleyman

109
Q

firmans

A

The tugra appeared on seals, coins, buildings and official documents (firmans). It’s a grant or a permit.
** Illuminated Tugra of Sultan Suleyman

110
Q

connoisseur

A

An expert judge in matters of taste. ex: expert in painting.
** The “Court of Gayumars”

111
Q

tapestry

A

e

112
Q

wrap and weft

A

e

113
Q

types of arches

A

round arch, pointed arch, horseshoe arch, keel arch.

114
Q

ablaq masonry

A

** Madrasa Mausoleum-Mosque

115
Q

cut tile

A

** Shah-i Zinda

116
Q

muqarna

A

++ Palace of lions

117
Q

wooden strapwork

A

** minbar

118
Q

mosaic

A

** Dome of rock

119
Q

water

A

++ Palace of lions

120
Q

Prophet Muhammed

A

helped spread Islam

121
Q

Mecca

A

city in Arabia

122
Q

Medina

A

e

123
Q

Kaaba

A

e

124
Q

Shites and Sunni Muslimes

A

e

125
Q

Haram al-Sharif

A

e

126
Q

The Fiver Pillars of Islam

A

e

127
Q

Shinan

A

e

128
Q

dharma

A

The principle of cosmic order

129
Q

Ashokan pillars

A

(Maurya Empire)
Ashoka = 3rd dynasty king. He made pillars that is a slightly tapered sandstone shaft that usually rested on a stone foundation slab sunk more than 10 feet into the ground. Usually animal sculptures on top. Pillars symbolized axis mundi. Joining earth with the common and representing the vital link between the human and celestial realms.

130
Q

steatite

A

type of stone

131
Q

seals

A

first evidence of Indus valley civilization

132
Q

trefoil

A

ornamental design with three-lobed petals. ex: clover leaf

** Torso of “Priest-King”

133
Q

samsara

A

(Vedic Period) Religion beliefs: a relentless cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. Believers aspire to attain liberation from samsara and to unite the individual soul with the eternal, universal Braham.

134
Q

shramana

A

(Vedic Period) Religion belief: Both Jainism and Buddhism were renunciate (shramana) traditions, centered on communities of monks and nuns who chose to operate themselves from worldly concern.

135
Q

axis mundi

A

(Maurya Empire — Ashokan pillars) “Axis of the world”. Pillars symbolized axis mundi. Joining earth with the common and representing a link between the human and celestial realms.

136
Q

yakshi and yaksha

A

Yakshi (a female spirit associated with the productive and reproductive forces of nature) Yaksha (Male form)

137
Q

ascetic

A

e

138
Q

nirvana

A

e

139
Q

viharas

A

Type of rock cut halls

140
Q

mandala

A

is a spiritual and ritual symbol in Indian religions, representing the universe. In common use, “mandala” has become a generic term for any diagram, chart or geometric pattern that represents the cosmos metaphysically or symbolically; a microcosm of the universe.

141
Q

Jakata tales

A

stories of Buddha’s past life

** The Great derparture

142
Q

chakravartin

A

e

143
Q

chaitya

A

(Shunga Empire) A type of Rock cut halls. “Sanctuary” enshrined a stupa.

144
Q

mithuna

A

The amorous male and female couples in Buddhist sculpture, usually founded at entrance to a sacred building. It symbolizes the harmony and fertility of life.
** Chaitya Hall, Karle

145
Q

lakshanas

A

The 32 marks of the historical Buddha. The lakshana include, among others, the Buddha’s golden body, his long arms, the wheel impressed on his palms and soles of feet, an his elongated earlobes.

146
Q

urna

A

Mark between Buddha’s eyebrows.

147
Q

ushnisha

A

e

148
Q

high relief

A

e

149
Q

mudras

A

e

150
Q

linga shrine

A

Where the East-West hall leads to a pair of colossal guardian figures flank each of its 4 entrances
** Cave temple of Shiva, Elephanta

151
Q

moldings

A

e

152
Q

maya

A

e

153
Q

bas-relief

A

another word for low-relief (french term)

154
Q

devaraja

A

“god-king”. Jayavarman 2 climbed a mountain and met up with Brahmin who performed ritual on the mountain top which marked a special relationship between them two. Jayavarman 2 was then called devaraja.

155
Q

asura

A

** Vishnu Churning the Ocean of Milk

156
Q

Stupas

A

solid mounds enclosing a relic, a Buddhist Shrine.
Stupas have symbolic meaning with a carefully calculated plan called a mandala, a diagram of the cosmos as envisioned in Buddhism
First stupas were constructed to house remains of the Buddha after his cremation
To venerate, or honour, the Buddha, one circumambulates (or walks around) the stupa in a clockwise direction
Toranas are gateways aligned with the cardinal points of stupas
Temples and stupas contain axis mundi running vertically up from the Cosmic Waters through the sacred image to the top of the tower.

157
Q

Northern style temple

A

Shikhara: a conical (or pyramidal) spire found atop a Hindu temple and often crowned with an amalaka
Amalakas: the circular or square shaped element on top of a spire (shikhara) often crowned with a finial, symbolizing the cosmos.
Mandapas: an open hall dedicated to ritual worship
Garbhagriha: “womb chamber” a small room or shrine in a Hindu temple containing a holy image.

158
Q

Southern style temple

A

e

159
Q

Mudras list, p. 308

A

e

160
Q

King Ashoka

A

Maurya Empire.

161
Q

Buddhism

A

e

162
Q

Indus/Harappan civilization

A

e

163
Q

King Indra

A

e

164
Q

Vedas

A

e

165
Q

Brahman

A

e

166
Q

Upanishades

A

e

167
Q

Mahabharata and ramayna

A

400 BCE: longest literature (Vedic Period)

168
Q

Hinduism

A

e

169
Q

Jainism

A

e

170
Q

Sarnath

A

e

171
Q

Wheel of the Law

A

e

172
Q

Siddhartha Gautama

A

e

173
Q

Buddha

A

e

174
Q

Four Noble Truths

A

e

175
Q

Three Jewels of Buddhism

A

e

176
Q

King Kanishka

A

(Kushan Period)

** King Kanishka

177
Q

Vishni

A

God of preservation and protection

178
Q

Shiva

A

Deiti of Hinduism. God of Creation, Destruction, Regeneration, Meditation, Arts, Yoga, and Moshka.

179
Q

Devi

A

e

180
Q

Bodhisattvas

A

are enlightened beings who postpone nirvana and buddhahood to help others achieve enlightenment. Distinguished from buddha’s by their princely garments.

181
Q

Silk road

A

e

182
Q

Five Rathas

A

e

183
Q

Ganges river

A

In Hinduism, this river is considered sacred. Said to be created by Ganga. Bathing in the water will take away your sins are pure you.
** Descent of the Ganges Relief at Mallapuram

184
Q

Harihara

A

e

185
Q

ch 11

A

e

186
Q

terra-cotta

A

** Ceramic soldiers

187
Q

jade

A

How to make Jade:

  • extremely difficult to make
  • used sand as an abrasive to slowly grind the stone down.
188
Q

Painted pottery cultures

A

e

189
Q

cong

A

Jade cong: an object resembling a cylindrical tube encased in a rectangular block.

190
Q

taotie

A

Ancient maks motif

** Mask decoration on a Jade cong

191
Q

piece-mold casting

A

a model of the bronze-to-be was mad of clay and dried
after dried: cut away in pieces, which were keyed for later reassembly and then fired.
Pieces of gold were reassembled around the core and held in place by bronze spacers, which locked it in place to make sure mold was even.
then covered with another layer of clay, and a sprue, or pouring duct, was cut into the clay to receive the molten metal.
Molten bronze was then poured into the mold, which produced a bronze copy.
The vessel could be burnished

192
Q

oracle bones

A

e

193
Q

fang ding

A

a rectangular vessel standing on four legs. Used for food offerings.

194
Q

guang

A

e

195
Q

carillon

A

e

196
Q

pictographs and ideographs

A

e

197
Q

radical and phonetic

A

e

198
Q

mythocentric

A

Another word for Han dynasty because they believed in close world between humans and supernatural worlds
** Painted Banner

199
Q

bi

A
  • a type of Chinese circular artifact
  • jade
  • symbol of heaven
200
Q

bracketing

A

architectural elements projecting from the wall. supports wide eave of roofed house. BEcame standard elements in Chinese architecture.
** Tomb model of a House and Tower

201
Q

qi and brushstrokes

A

e

202
Q

handscroll

A

a long, narrow, horizontal composition, compact enough to be held in the hand when rolled up. They are intimate work, only meant to be viewed by 2 or 3 people at a time.
** Detail of Admonitions of the Imperial Instructress to Court Ladies

203
Q

calligraphy

A

** Portion of Letter from the Feng Ju Album

204
Q

running/semicursive style

A

(Han dynasty - calligraphy)
neither too formal or not too free but with a relaxed, easy going manner.
** Portion of Letter from the Feng Ju Album

205
Q

module

A

e

206
Q

Pagoda

A

e

207
Q

scroll painting

A

(Tang Dynasty)
A painting executed on a flexible support with rolls at each end. the rollers permit the horizontal scroll to be unrolled as it is studied or the vertical scroll to be hung for contemplation or decoration.
** Details of Ladies Preparing Newly Woven silk

208
Q

li and qi

A

(Song Dynasty)
Neo-Confucianism consists of two interacting forces:
li (principle of idea): It refers to the underlying reason and order of nature as reflected in its organic forms
qi (matter): is an active principle forming part of any living thing. Breath, air, or gas.

209
Q

Guan ware

A

among the most prized of the many types of Song ceramics is Guan ware, made mainly for imperial use.
** Guan Ware vessel

210
Q

chevron

A

v-shaped decoration

** Ceremonial stand with snake

211
Q

celadon

A

a high-fired, transparent glaze of pale bluish-green hue, typically applied over a pale gray stoneware body.
** Maebyeong bottle with decoration of bamboo and blossoming plum tree

212
Q

Pagoda Diagram p. 351

A

w

213
Q

Emperor Shihuangdi

A

e

214
Q

Qin Dynasty

A

e

215
Q

Yello, Yangzi, and Xi Rivers

A

e

216
Q

Daoism

A

e

217
Q

The Dao

A

e

218
Q

Confucianism

A

e

219
Q

Five Constant Relationships

A

e

220
Q

Tang Dynasty

A

e

221
Q

Amitabha

A

e

222
Q

Nanchan Temple

A

e

223
Q

Academy of Painters

A

e

224
Q

Seokguram

A

e

EVDS 1660 (2 decks)

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