Chapters 13 - 20 Flashcards
1
Q
celts
A
Tall oblong stones
** Offering 4, Le Venta
2
Q
earspools
A
cylinder earrinfs that pierce the ear lobes.
** Colossal head, San Lorenzo
3
Q
stelae
A
e
4
Q
talud-tablero
A
(Slop and panel) construction that is a hallmark of the Teotihuacan architectural style. Talud: (sloping base) of each platform supports a tablero (entablature), that raised vertical and is surrounded by a frame.
** Pyramid of the feathered serpents.
5
Q
maguey
A
A plant. Mesoamerica.
6
Q
aureole
A
a circle of light or brightness surrounding something, especially as depicted in art around the head or body of a person represented as holy.
7
Q
logosyliabic
A
Ancient script. system uses a tremendous number of signs.
8
Q
codices
A
(Maya) a manuscript held together by stitching. Made for tree
9
Q
roof comb
A
The temple structure that tops the pyramid in meso America
** Temple 1, Tikal
10
Q
chacmool
A
may represent fallen warriors and were used to receive sacrificial offerings.
design: half reclining figures. Has the study forms, proportions, and angularity of architecture (rather then sculpture Maya art design)
* * Pyramid (“El castillo”) with chacmool in foreground
11
Q
camelid
A
a type of camel?
12
Q
embroidery
A
** Mantle with Double fish pattern
13
Q
geoglyphs
A
is a large design or motif (generally longer than 4 metres) produced on the ground and typically formed by clastic rocks or similarly durable elements of the landscape, such as stones, stone fragments, live trees, gravel, or earth.
** hummingbird
14
Q
adobe
A
type of brick
Pyramid of the sun.
Pyramid of the moon
15
Q
great house
A
apartment like houses in the Anazazi culture. Many rooms for specialize purposes, including communal foods storage and ritual.
16
Q
kivas
A
round deep holes for religious ritual sand instructions of youth were entered by climbing down stairs.
** Pueblo Bonito
17
Q
navel of the earth
A
Is in the Andes in a city called Cuzco.
18
Q
desert varnish
A
** Hunter’s Mural
19
Q
Olmec
A
e
20
Q
Mesoamerica
A
3 cultures: Olmec, TEotihuacan, and Maya.
21
Q
La Venta
A
Olmec.
22
Q
Teotihuacan
A
Mesoamerica
23
Q
Avenue of the Dead
A
(Teotihuacan)
24
Q
San Juan River
A
(Teotihuacan)
25
Pyramid of the Moon
(Teotihuacan)
26
Pyramid of the Sun
(Teotihuacan)
27
Pyramid of the feathered snakes
(Teotihuacan)
28
Ciudadela
(Teotihuacan)
| spanish word for citadel
29
Maya
Mesoamerica.
30
Jasaw Chan K'awaiil
Maya ruler. In Tika.
31
Pakal the Great
Leader of Maya. ruled 615-683. His son ruled after him and built most of structures in Palanque.
* * Lid of the sarcophagus of Pakal the Great
* * Portrait of Pakal the great
32
Sacred Cenote
The Sacred Cenote refers to a noted cenote at the pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site
33
Chavin de Huantar
Chavín de Huántar is an archaeological site containing ruins and artifacts constructed beginning at least by 1200 BC and occupied by later cultures until around 400-500 BC by the Chavín
34
Cahokia
City across from Mississippi river where it contains 80 mounds.
35
chapter 17
e
36
Scholasticism
Scholasticism emerged from universities, intent on reconciling Christian technology with Classical philosophy. Scholastic thinkers used a question and answer method of argument and arranged their ideas into logical outlines.
Relationship between the development of these new ways go thinking an the geometrical order that permeates the design of Gothic cathedrals, as well as with the new interest in describing the appearance of the natural world in sculpture and painting.
37
rib vaulting
Form of groin vault in which diagonal ridges (groins) rest on and are covered by curved moldings called ribs
Ribs form “skeleton” of vault; webbing forms masonry “skin”
Late Gothic buildings have additional decorative ribs that give vaults a lacelike appearance
38
cartoon
e
39
grozing
e
40
flying buttresses
Helps support the soaring nave vaults by transferring their outward thrust over the aisles to massive, free standing, upright external buttresses.
buttresses: a projecting support bult aginst an external wall, usually to counteract the lateral thrust of a vault or arche within. In Gothic church architecture, a fling buttress is an arched bridge above the aisle roof that extends from the upperr nave wall, where the lateral thrust of the main vault is greatest, down to a solid pier.
41
tracer
Stonework or woodwork forming a pattern in the open space of windows or applied to wall surfaces.
42
stringcorses
Horizontal moldings. A continuous horizontal band, such as a holding, decorating the face of a wall.
43
pinnacles
In Gothic architecture, a steep pyramid decorating the top of another element such as a buttress, Also the Highest point.
44
rose window
Framed centerpiece of the flat portal facades. Gothic element Architecture.
45
lancets
Tall opening window with pointed tops.
46
plate tracery
A technique to create rose windows. Holes are cut into the stone wall and nearly half the wall surface filled with stained glass.
47
triforium
arcaded wall passageway.
48
bar tracery
bar tracery in which thin stone bars (called mullions) are inserted into an expansive opening in the wall to form a lacy framework for the stained glass. Bar tracery replaced the old plate tracery. and made even larger areas for glass.
- Mullions divde the space into segments to form decorative patterns.
49
mullions
Thin stone bars. divides a window into subsidiary sections to create tracery.
50
hemicycle
apse of semicircular interior space.
51
crenellations
notches. Added to tower tops to provide stone shields for more effective defence
* *Military and Domestic Architecture in England.
52
hall church
Germany Gothic churches.
53
aron
a shrine for the Torah scrolls
| ** Interior, Old-New Synagogue (Altneuschiul)
54
bimah
a raised platform for reading from them. Torah scrolls.
| ** Interior, Old-New Synagogue (Altneuschiul)
55
polychromy
multicolour painting on surface of sculpture or architecture)
56
Chatres Cathedral Schematic
e
57
Ile-de-France
The Gothic style originated form Ile de France (Paris) then spread throughout western Europe within 100 years.
Italian Giorgi Vasari made the term “Gothic” to separate from Classical (since it wasn’t classical)
2,700 churches were built in 100 years with this Gothic Style.
58
Saint-Demis
First Gothic church was built here. Supervised by Abot Suger.
59
Abot Suger
supervised the construction of the first Gothic church in France. The Abbery church of saint Denis
60
Chartres
Cathedral of Notre Dame. France
61
Reims
Cathdreal of Notre Dame. France
62
St. Maurics
e
63
Assisi
Church of the St. Francis. Italy.
64
Ife-Ife
Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria regard the city as Ife as the "navel of the world"
65
oni
The first ruler (oni Oduduwa) came down to earth to create and populate earth
66
scarfication
thin, parallel lines on ones face. (decorations made by scarring)
67
envoy
e
68
rock art
Early Africans painted and inscribed images on the walls of caves and rock shelters. Design ranges in highly abstract designs to abstract and naturalistic representations of human and animal forms (hunting scenes, domestic life, and costumed figures dancing)
69
ichi
A person who has scarfication
70
oba
Kings used to be called oni. Oba is the new name for king. In Benin.
71
guilds.
Are people who crafter and are artists of the Berlin city were recognized as high power petiole and lived in a separate quarter of the city.
72
torona
wooden beams projecting from the walls) provides permanent supports for the scaffolding erected each year so that the exterior can be replastered.
** Great Friday Mosque
73
battered walls
built so they slope inwards towards the top.
| ** Great Enclosure, Great Zimbabwe
74
Lost-wax castinf diagram, p. 418
e
75
Sahara
Rock art. They record not only the artistic and cultural development of the peoples who lived in the region, but also the transformation of the Sahara from a fertile grassland to the vast desert we know as today.
76
Nok
Where the earliest evidence of iron technology.
They created the earliest known Sub-Saharan sculpture.
produced terra-cotta figures of humans and animals about 500 BCE and 200 CE
77
Igbo Ukwu
Site in eastern Nigeria.
earliest known evidence of Bronze casting in sub-Saharan Africa
earliest known site containing burial and shrine
3 sites of been excavated:
one: containing burial chamber
second: shrine/storehouse containing ceremonial objects
third: an ancient pit containing ceremonial and prestige objects
78
The Pavement Period
(1000 -14000): Ife’s most artistically cohesive historical period. Elaborately patterned pavement mosaics.
79
Great Zimbabwe
An area where they settled and funnelled gold, ivory and exotic skins. This trade was largely controlled by a site between 1000 and 1500 CE called Great Zimbabwe, home of the Shona people.
* Great Encloser, Great Zimbabwe
80
Lalibela
Aksum controlled the trade of ivory, gold, slaves, frankincense, myrrh, and salt.
The Zagwe king Lalibela founded a holy site after himself. He created a rock-hewn sanctuary. Rather then being built from the ground up. A wide trench was first cut around the 4 sides of the block (that would become the church)
* Bet Giorgis (Chirch of St. George), Lalibela
81
Kongo
Art-making tradition in the Kongo cultural region developed.
* * Zoomorphic head
* * Decorated Textile
* * Crucifix
82
barbarian
People outside of Roman who could not talk their language. They could only “barble” the Greek or Latin language.
83
illuminated books
books that include not only text but pictures and decoration in colour and gold.
84
Chasing
Ornamentation made on metal by incising or hammering the surface.
** Jewelry of Queen Arnegunde
85
animal style
A style that dominated the arts in 500 CE. Incorporated serpents, four legged beasts and, squat human figures.
composition: generally symmetrical, and artists depict animals in their entirety either in profile or from above.
Ribs and spinal columns are exposed as if they had been x-rayed
hip and shoulder joints are pear-shaped
tongues and jaws extend and curl
legs end in large claws.
** Gummersmark brooch
86
mille-fiori
a glassmaking technique in which rods of differently coloured glass are fused in a long brundle that is subsequently sliced to produce disks or beads wit small-scale, multicolour patterns. The term derives from the Italian for “a thousand flowers”
87
Gospel books
An Illustrated book. Not only essential for spiritiual and liturgical life within established monasteries, but also critical for the missionary activities of the church. Gospel book was required in each new foundation. They were placed in every church. Thought to protect people form enemies, predators, and disease.
** Symbol of the evangelist Matthew, Gospel book of Durrow
88
incipit
opening words of the Gospel book. An elaborate decoration highlighting initial words off the text.
89
scriptorium
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90
colophon
e
91
rune stones
Both at home and abroad, the Vikings erected large memorial stones. They covered them with inscriptions called rune stones (runs are twig like letters of an early Germanic alphabet)
92
wattle and daub
pg 19
93
stave churches
A Scandinavian wooden structure with four huge timbers (staves) at its core.
named for the four huge timbers (staves) that form their structural core.
94
westwork
combines a ground-floor narthex (vestibule) and an upper-story throne room which opened onto the chapel interior, allowing the emperor an unobstructed view of the liturgy at the high altar)
** Charlemagne’s Palace at Aachen
95
cloister
enclosed courtyard.
| ** Saint Gall plan
96
Kells
e
97
Galla Placidia
e
98
Arian Christinaity
e
99
Mcrovingian
e
100
Queen Arnegunde
e
101
Hiberno-Sacon
artistic style
102
Beowulf
e
103
Sutton Hoo
excavation site
104
Mozarabic
Christian artists incorporated some features of Islamic art into a colorful new style
105
Beatus
ee
106
Vikings
800 CE: seafaring bands of Norsemen known as Vikings (“people from the coves”) descended on the rest of Europe.
107
Carolingian
Charles the Great established a dynasty called Carolingian.
location: western Germany, France, the Lombard kingdom in Italy, and the Low countries.
Seeking to restore the Western Empire as a Christian state and to revive the arts and learning, Charlemagne encouraged Benedictine monks and nuns to establish monastic communities
108
Ottonian
Saxon dynasty named for the principal rulers: Otto 1 (r. 937-973), Otto 2 (r. 973-983), and Otto 3 (r. 983-1002)
located in present day Germany and Austria
Northern Italy added though marriage; political union came to be known as Holy Roman Empire
Ottonian dominated the papacy.
