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AP US History > Chapters 6-10 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapters 6-10 Vocabulary Flashcards

0
Q

minister

A

In politics, a person appointed by the head of state to take charge of some department or agency of government

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1
Q

domestic

A

concerning the internal affairs of a country

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2
Q

autocratic

A

marked by strict authoritarian rule, without consent or participation by the populace

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3
Q

peasant

A

a farmer or agricultural laborer, sometimes legally tied to the land

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4
Q

coureurs des bois

A

French-Canadian fur trappers; literally “runners of the woods”

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5
Q

voyagers

A

French-Canadian explorers, adventurers, and traders

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6
Q

flotilla

A

a fleet of boats, usually smaller vessels

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7
Q

ecological

A

concerning the relations between the biological organism and their environment

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8
Q

mutinous

A

concerning revolt by subordinate soldiers or seamen against their commanding officers

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9
Q

strategic

A

concerning the placement and planned movement of large-scale military forces so as to gain advantage, usually prior to actual engage me with the army

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10
Q

guerrilla warfare

A

unconventional combat waged by small military units using hit-and-run tactics

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11
Q

sallies (sally)

A

In warfare, very rapid military movements, usually by small movements, against an enemy force of position

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12
Q

siege

A

a military operation of surrounding and attacking a fortified place, often over a sustained period

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13
Q

regulars

A

trained professional soldiers, as distinct from militia or conscripts

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14
Q

commissions

A

an official certification granting a commanding rank in the armed forces

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15
Q

patronage

A

a system which benefits, including jobs, money, or protection are granted in exchange for political support

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16
Q

mercantilism

A

the economic theory that all parts of an economy should be coordinated for the good of the whole state; hence, that the colonial economics should be subordinated for the benefit of an empire

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17
Q

depreciate

A

to decrease on value, as in the decline of the purchasing power of money

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18
Q

veto

A

the constitutional right of a ruler or executive to block legislation passed by another unit of government

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19
Q

monopoly

A

the complete control of a product or sphere of economic activity by a single producer or business

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20
Q

admiralty courts

A

In British law, special administrative courts designed to handle maritime cases without a jury

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21
Q

virtual representation

A

the political theory that a class of a persons is represented in a lawmaking body without direct vote

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22
Q

nonimportation agreement

A

pledges to boycott, or decline to purchase, certain goods from abroad

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23
Q

mulatto

A

a person of mixed African and European ancestry

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24
duty (duties)
a customs tax on the export or import of goods
25
propaganda (propagandist)
a systematic program or particular materials designed to promote certain ideas; sometimes but not always the term is used negatively, implying the use of manipulative or deceptive means (a propagandist is one who engages in such practices)
26
boycott
an organized refusal to deal with some person, organization, or product
27
inflation
an increase in the supply of currency relative to the goods available, leading to a decline in the purchasing power of money
28
desert
to leave official government or military service without permission
29
mercenary
a professional soldier who serves in a foreign army for pay
30
indictment
a formal written accusation charging someone with a crime
31
dictatorship
a form of government characterized by absolute state power and the unlimited authority of the ruler
32
neutral
a nation or person not talking sides in a war
33
civilian
a citizen not in military service
34
traitor
one who betrays a country by aiding an enemy
35
confiscate
to seize private property for public use, often as a penalty
36
envoy
a messenger or agent sent by a government on official business
37
rabble
a mass of disorderly and crude common people
38
arsenal
a place for making or storing weapons and ammunition
39
isolationist
concerning the belief that a country should take little or no part in forgiven affairs, especially through alliances or wars
40
heredity
passed down from generation to generation
41
blockade
the isolation of a place by hostile ships or troops
42
privateer
a private vessel temporarily authorized to capture or plunder enemy ships in wartime
43
graft
taking advantage of one's official position to gain money or property by illegal means
44
disestablish
to separate an official state church from its connection with the government
45
emancipation
setting free from servitude or slavery
46
chattel
an article of personal or movable property; hence the term applied to slaves, since they were considered the personal property of their owners
47
abolitionist
an advocate of the end of slavery
48
ratification
the confirmation or validation of an act (such as the constitution) by an authoritative approval
49
bill of rights
a list of fundamental freedoms assumed to be central to society
50
speculators (speculation)
those who buy property, goods, or financial instruments not primarily for use but in anticipation of profitable resale after general rise in value
51
township
in America, a surveyed territory six miles square; the term also refers to a unit of local government, smaller than a country, that is often based on those survey units
52
territory
in American government, an organized political entity not yet enjoying the full and equal status of a state
53
annex
to make a smaller territory or political unit part of a larger one
54
requisition
a demand for something issued on the basis of public authority
55
foreclosure
depriving someone of the right to redeem mortgaged property because the legal payments on the loan have not been kept up
56
quorum
the minimum number of persons who must be present in a group before it can conduct valid business
57
anarchy
the theory that formal government is unnecessary and wrong in principle; the term is also used generally for lawless or antigovernmental disorder
58
bicameral, unicameral
referring to a legislative body with two houses (bicameral) or one (unicameral)
59
census
an official count of population; in the United States, the federal census occurs every ten years
60
public debt
the debt of a government or nation to individual creditors, also known as the national debt
61
cabinet
the body of official advisers to the head of a government; in the United States, it consists of the heads of the major executive departments
62
circuit court
a court that hears cases in several designated locations rather that a single place
63
fiscal
concerning public finances - expenditures and revenues
64
assumption
the appropriation or taking on of obligations not originally one's own
65
excise
a tax on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of certain products
66
stock
the shares of capital ownership gained from investing in a corporate enterprise; the term also refers to the certificates representing such shares
67
medium of exchange
any item, paper or otherwise, used as money
68
despotism
arbitrary or tyrannical rule
69
impress
to force people or property into public service without choice; conscript
70
assimilation
the merging of diverse cultures or peoples into one
71
witch-hunt
an investigation carried on with much publicity, supposedly to uncover dangerous activity but actually intended to weaken the political opposition
72
compact
an agreement or covenant between states to perform some legal act
73
nullification
in American politics, the assertion that a state may legally invalidate a federal act deemed inconsistent with its rights or sovereignty

AP US History (5 decks)

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