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AP US History > Chapters 6-10 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapters 6-10 Vocabulary Flashcards

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0
Q

minister

A

In politics, a person appointed by the head of state to take charge of some department or agency of government

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1
Q

domestic

A

concerning the internal affairs of a country

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2
Q

autocratic

A

marked by strict authoritarian rule, without consent or participation by the populace

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3
Q

peasant

A

a farmer or agricultural laborer, sometimes legally tied to the land

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4
Q

coureurs des bois

A

French-Canadian fur trappers; literally “runners of the woods”

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5
Q

voyagers

A

French-Canadian explorers, adventurers, and traders

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6
Q

flotilla

A

a fleet of boats, usually smaller vessels

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7
Q

ecological

A

concerning the relations between the biological organism and their environment

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8
Q

mutinous

A

concerning revolt by subordinate soldiers or seamen against their commanding officers

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9
Q

strategic

A

concerning the placement and planned movement of large-scale military forces so as to gain advantage, usually prior to actual engage me with the army

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10
Q

guerrilla warfare

A

unconventional combat waged by small military units using hit-and-run tactics

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11
Q

sallies (sally)

A

In warfare, very rapid military movements, usually by small movements, against an enemy force of position

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12
Q

siege

A

a military operation of surrounding and attacking a fortified place, often over a sustained period

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13
Q

regulars

A

trained professional soldiers, as distinct from militia or conscripts

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14
Q

commissions

A

an official certification granting a commanding rank in the armed forces

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15
Q

patronage

A

a system which benefits, including jobs, money, or protection are granted in exchange for political support

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16
Q

mercantilism

A

the economic theory that all parts of an economy should be coordinated for the good of the whole state; hence, that the colonial economics should be subordinated for the benefit of an empire

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17
Q

depreciate

A

to decrease on value, as in the decline of the purchasing power of money

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18
Q

veto

A

the constitutional right of a ruler or executive to block legislation passed by another unit of government

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19
Q

monopoly

A

the complete control of a product or sphere of economic activity by a single producer or business

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20
Q

admiralty courts

A

In British law, special administrative courts designed to handle maritime cases without a jury

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21
Q

virtual representation

A

the political theory that a class of a persons is represented in a lawmaking body without direct vote

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22
Q

nonimportation agreement

A

pledges to boycott, or decline to purchase, certain goods from abroad

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23
Q

mulatto

A

a person of mixed African and European ancestry

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24
Q

duty (duties)

A

a customs tax on the export or import of goods

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25
Q

propaganda (propagandist)

A

a systematic program or particular materials designed to promote certain ideas; sometimes but not always the term is used negatively, implying the use of manipulative or deceptive means (a propagandist is one who engages in such practices)

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26
Q

boycott

A

an organized refusal to deal with some person, organization, or product

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27
Q

inflation

A

an increase in the supply of currency relative to the goods available, leading to a decline in the purchasing power of money

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28
Q

desert

A

to leave official government or military service without permission

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29
Q

mercenary

A

a professional soldier who serves in a foreign army for pay

30
Q

indictment

A

a formal written accusation charging someone with a crime

31
Q

dictatorship

A

a form of government characterized by absolute state power and the unlimited authority of the ruler

32
Q

neutral

A

a nation or person not talking sides in a war

33
Q

civilian

A

a citizen not in military service

34
Q

traitor

A

one who betrays a country by aiding an enemy

35
Q

confiscate

A

to seize private property for public use, often as a penalty

36
Q

envoy

A

a messenger or agent sent by a government on official business

37
Q

rabble

A

a mass of disorderly and crude common people

38
Q

arsenal

A

a place for making or storing weapons and ammunition

39
Q

isolationist

A

concerning the belief that a country should take little or no part in forgiven affairs, especially through alliances or wars

40
Q

heredity

A

passed down from generation to generation

41
Q

blockade

A

the isolation of a place by hostile ships or troops

42
Q

privateer

A

a private vessel temporarily authorized to capture or plunder enemy ships in wartime

43
Q

graft

A

taking advantage of one’s official position to gain money or property by illegal means

44
Q

disestablish

A

to separate an official state church from its connection with the government

45
Q

emancipation

A

setting free from servitude or slavery

46
Q

chattel

A

an article of personal or movable property; hence the term applied to slaves, since they were considered the personal property of their owners

47
Q

abolitionist

A

an advocate of the end of slavery

48
Q

ratification

A

the confirmation or validation of an act (such as the constitution) by an authoritative approval

49
Q

bill of rights

A

a list of fundamental freedoms assumed to be central to society

50
Q

speculators (speculation)

A

those who buy property, goods, or financial instruments not primarily for use but in anticipation of profitable resale after general rise in value

51
Q

township

A

in America, a surveyed territory six miles square; the term also refers to a unit of local government, smaller than a country, that is often based on those survey units

52
Q

territory

A

in American government, an organized political entity not yet enjoying the full and equal status of a state

53
Q

annex

A

to make a smaller territory or political unit part of a larger one

54
Q

requisition

A

a demand for something issued on the basis of public authority

55
Q

foreclosure

A

depriving someone of the right to redeem mortgaged property because the legal payments on the loan have not been kept up

56
Q

quorum

A

the minimum number of persons who must be present in a group before it can conduct valid business

57
Q

anarchy

A

the theory that formal government is unnecessary and wrong in principle; the term is also used generally for lawless or antigovernmental disorder

58
Q

bicameral, unicameral

A

referring to a legislative body with two houses (bicameral) or one (unicameral)

59
Q

census

A

an official count of population; in the United States, the federal census occurs every ten years

60
Q

public debt

A

the debt of a government or nation to individual creditors, also known as the national debt

61
Q

cabinet

A

the body of official advisers to the head of a government; in the United States, it consists of the heads of the major executive departments

62
Q

circuit court

A

a court that hears cases in several designated locations rather that a single place

63
Q

fiscal

A

concerning public finances - expenditures and revenues

64
Q

assumption

A

the appropriation or taking on of obligations not originally one’s own

65
Q

excise

A

a tax on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of certain products

66
Q

stock

A

the shares of capital ownership gained from investing in a corporate enterprise; the term also refers to the certificates representing such shares

67
Q

medium of exchange

A

any item, paper or otherwise, used as money

68
Q

despotism

A

arbitrary or tyrannical rule

69
Q

impress

A

to force people or property into public service without choice; conscript

70
Q

assimilation

A

the merging of diverse cultures or peoples into one

71
Q

witch-hunt

A

an investigation carried on with much publicity, supposedly to uncover dangerous activity but actually intended to weaken the political opposition

72
Q

compact

A

an agreement or covenant between states to perform some legal act

73
Q

nullification

A

in American politics, the assertion that a state may legally invalidate a federal act deemed inconsistent with its rights or sovereignty

AP US History (5 decks)

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