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AP US History > Chapters 11-15 > Flashcards

Chapters 11-15 Flashcards

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0
Q

commission

A

the official legal authorization appointing a person to an office or military position, indicating the nature of the duty, term of office, chain of command, and so on

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1
Q

lame duck

A

a political official during the time he or she remains in office after a defeat or inability to seek another term, and whose power is therefore diminished

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2
Q

writ

A

a formal legal document ordering of prohibiting some act

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3
Q

impeachment

A

the charge of a public official with improper conduct in office

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4
Q

pacifist

A

characterized by principled opposition to all war and belief in nonviolent solutions to conflict

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5
Q

consulate (consul)

A

a place were a government representatives is stationed in a foreign country, but not the main headquarters of diplomatic representation headed by an ambassador (the embassy)

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6
Q

cede

A

to yield or grant something, often upon request or under pressure (anything ceded is a cession)

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7
Q

precedent

A

in law and government, a decision or action that establishes a sanctioned rule for determining similar cases in the future

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8
Q

secession

A

the withdrawal, by legal or illegal means, of one portion of a political entity from the government to which it has been bound

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9
Q

conscription

A

compulsory enrollment of men and women in the armed forces

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10
Q

broadside

A

the simultaneous firing of all guns on one side of a ship

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11
Q

embargo

A

a government order prohibiting commerce in or out of a port

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12
Q

regiment

A

a medium sized military unit, larger than a company or battalion and smaller than a division

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13
Q

mediation

A

an intervention, usually by consent of the parties to aid in voluntarily setting differences between groups or nations

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14
Q

armistice

A

a temporary stopping of warfare by mutual agreement, usually in preparation for an actual peace negotiation between the parties

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15
Q

dynasty

A

a succession of rulers in the same family line; by extension, any system of predetermined succession in power

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16
Q

reaction

A

extreme conservatism, looking to restore political or social conditions of earlier time

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17
Q

protection

A

policy of preserving domestic producers by placing barriers against imported goods (using high tariffs)

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18
Q

raw materials

A

products in their natural, unmanufactured state

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19
Q

internal improvements

A

basic public works, such as roads and canals, that create the structure for economic development

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20
Q

intrastate

A

something existing wholly within a state of the U.S.

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21
Q

depression

A

in economics, a severe and very prolonged period of declining economic activity, high unemployment, and low wages and prices

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22
Q

boom

A

in economics, period of sudden, spectacular expansion of business activity or prices

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23
Q

wildcat bank

A

unregulated, speculative bank that issues notes without sufficient capital to back them

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24
Q

peculiar institution

A

widely used term for the institution of American black slavery

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25
Q

demagogic

A

concerning a leader who stirs up the common people by appeals to emotion and prejudice, often for selfish of irrational ends

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26
Q

contract

A

in law, and agreement in which each of two or more parties binds themselves to perform some act in exchange for what the other party similar pledges to do

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27
Q

deference

A

yielding of opinion to the judgement of someone else

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28
Q

puritanical

A

extremely or excessively strict in manners of moral or religion

29
Q

mudslinging

A

malicious, unscrupulous attacks against an opponent

30
Q

spoils

A

public offices given as a reward for political support

31
Q

denominations

A

the major branches of Christianity organized into distinct church structures

32
Q

evangelical

A

those believers and groups, usually Protestant, who emphasizes personal salvation, individual conversion experiences, voluntary commitment, and the authority of Scripture

33
Q

hard money

A

metal money or coins (reliable money that maintained its purchasing power over time)

34
Q

soft money

A

paper money (was assumed to inflate or lose value)

35
Q

usurpation

A

the act of seizing, occupying, or enjoying the place, power, or functions of someone without legal right

36
Q

favorite sons

A

presidential candidates who are nominated by their own state, primarily out of loyalty

37
Q

machine

A

a hierarchical political organization, often controlled through patronage or spoil, where professional workers deliver large blocs of voters to preferred candidates

38
Q

temperance

A

campaigns for voluntary commitment to moderation or total abstinence in the consumption of liquor

39
Q

populist

A

a political program or style focused on the common people, and attacking perspectives and policies associated with the well-off, well-born, or well-educated

40
Q

divine right

A

the belief that government or rules are directly established by God

41
Q

caste

A

an exclusive or rigid social distinction based on birth, wealth, occupation, etc.

42
Q

nativist

A

one who advocates favoring native born citizens over aliens or immigrants

43
Q

factory

A

an establishment for the manufacturing of goods, including buildings and substantial machinery

44
Q

trademark

A

a distinguishing symbol or word used by a manufacturer on its goods, usually registered by law to protect against imitators

45
Q

patent

A

the legal certification of an original invention, product, or process, guaranteeing it’s holder the sole rights to profits from its use or reproduction for a specific period of time

46
Q

liability

A

legal responsibility for loss or damage

47
Q

incorporation

A

the formation of individuals into an organized entity with legally defined privileges and responsibilities

48
Q

labor union

A

an organization of workers to promote the interests and welfare of its members, often by collective bargaining with employers

49
Q

strike

A

an organized work stoppage by employees in order to obtain better wages, working conditions, and so on

50
Q

capitalist

A

an individual or group who uses accumulated funds or private property to produce goods for profit in a market

51
Q

turnpike

A

a toll road

52
Q

posterity

A

later descendants or subsequent generations

53
Q

productivity

A

the relative capacity to produce goods and services, measured in terms of the number of workers and machines needed to create goods in a certain length of time

54
Q

barter

A

the direct exchange of goods and services for one another, without the use of cash or any medium of exchange

55
Q

polygamy

A

the practice of having two or more spouses at one time

56
Q

theocracy

A

rule by God; the term is often applied to a state where religious leaders exercise direct or indirect political authority

57
Q

zealot

A

one who is carried away by a cause to an extreme or excessive degree

58
Q

utopian

A

any place or plan that aims at an ideal social order

59
Q

communistic

A

theory or practice in which the means of production are owned by the community as a whole

60
Q

communitarian

A

the belief in or practice of the superiority of community life or values over individual life, but not necessarily the common ownership of goods

61
Q

free love

A

the principle or practice of sexual relations unrestricted by law marriage, or religious constraints

62
Q

eugenic

A

concerning the improvement of the human species through selective breeding or genetic control

63
Q

coitus reservatus

A

the practice of sexual intercourse without the male’s release of semen

64
Q

classical

A

concerning the culture of Ancient Greece and Rome, or any artistic or cultural values presumed to be based on these enduring ancient principles

65
Q

mystical

A

referring to the belief in the direct apprehension of God or Devine mystery, without reliance on reason or human comprehension

66
Q

nonconformist

A

one who refuses to follow established or conventional ideas or habits

67
Q

nonviolence

A

the principle of resolving or engaging in conflict without resort to physical force

68
Q

urbane

A

sophisticated, elegant, cosmopolitan

69
Q

providential

A

under the care and direction of God or other benevolent natural or supernatural forces

AP US History (5 decks)

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