Chapters 5 and 6

Question 1

What is the medical terminology for the voluntary nervous system?

Answer 1

Somatic

The voluntary nervous system is called the somatic nervous system. The involuntary nervous system is called the autonomic nervous system.

Question 2

What is the primary purpose of muscles in the blood vessel walls?

Answer 2

To help maintain blood pressure.

Question 3

Blood vessel size is directly and indirectly controlled by the:

Answer 3

Sympathetic nervous system

The parasympathetic nervous system does not directly innervate the blood vessels.

Question 4

Which bones of the spine are typically fused?

Answer 4

Sacral

The sacral and coccyx are the bones of the spine that are typically fused.

Question 5

The coronary arteries fill with blood to deliver to the heart during:

Answer 5

Diastole

During diastole, when the aortic valve is closed, blood flows from the aorta into the coronary arteries. The right and left side of the heart contract at the same time, so filling is not dependent on the right side contracting only. The blood actually enters the coronary arteries while the ventricles relax due to the negative pressure created.

Question 6

Rib bones are?

Answer 6

Flat

Question 7

Which of the following organs plays a significant role in breaking down fats?

Answer 7

Gal Bladder

Gal bladder stores and then secretes bile to the small intestine to be used to break down fat.

Question 8

What is the name of the bone that forms a depression at the top of the breast bone?

Answer 8

Manubrium

Question 9

Which of the following best represents the term physiology?

Answer 9

How a part of the body functions with the other parts of the body.

Anatomy: body structure
Pathophysiology: when things go wrong
Cytology: study of cellular function

Question 10

What part of the brain is responsible for the body’s vital functions?

Answer 10

Brain Stem

Cerebellum: fine motor functions

Cerebrum: higher level thought processes

Question 11

Which part of the nervous system would the spinal cord be included?

Answer 11

Central
brain and spinal cord

Sympathetic and parasympathetic are primarily located in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 12

The systolic blood pressure measurement is a reflection of:

Answer 12

Left ventricular performance

The systolic pressure wave reflects the output of the left ventricle. The diastolic pressure reflects the pressure against the walls of the arteries (during diastole). Preload is the amount of blood returning to the right heart, affecting right-side performance. Afterload is the amount of pressure the left heart has to pump against (the resting pressure of the arterial system.

Question 13

What is the name of the first portion of the small bowel that connects to the stomach?

Answer 13

Duodenum

Followed by the jejunum and the ileum.

Question 14

Which of the following is also considered the recovery position?

Answer 14

Lateral Recumbent

Supine: on back
Prone: on face
High-Fowler’s: sitting upright

Question 15

What is the primary chemoreceptor responsible to initiate inhalation?

Answer 15

Carbon dioxide receptor in the medulla

We have a secondary receptor that picks up low O2 in the blood located in the aortic arch.

Question 16

What is the name of the artery in the neck?

Answer 16

Carotid

Question 17

In an average adult, an increased diastolic pressure is a reflection of an increase in:

Answer 17

Systemic vascular resistance

Higher number = higher pressure during diastole.