Chapters 5-8 Flashcards
Binary Compund
A two element compound
Binary ionic compound
A two element compound consisting on an anion and cation
Acid
Substances that produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions; proton donors.
Oxyanion
a polyatomic ion containing at least one oxygen atom and one or more atoms of at least one other element.
polyatomic ion
an ion containing a number of atoms
precipitate
identification in reactions where solid forms
strong electrolyte
a material that when dissolved in water gives a solution that conducts an electric current very efficiently
soluble
dissolvable in waterr
insoluble
not dissolvable in water
strong acid
an acid that completely dissociates to produce H+ ions and the conjugate base.
base
substances that produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; proton acceptors
strong base
a metal hydroxide compound that completely dissociates into its ions in water
molecular equation
an equation representing a reaction in solution and showing the reactants and product in undissociated form, whether they are strong or weak electrolytes
complete ionic equation
An equation that shows as ions all substances that are strong electrolytes
net ionic equation
an equation for a reaction in solution, representing strong electrolytes as ions and showing only those components that are directly involved in the chemical change.
spectator ions
ions present in the reaction that do not participate directly in the reaction
salt
ionic compound
double displacement reaction
AB+CD-AD+CB
acid base reaction
HY+AOH-AY+H20
involves an H+ ion that ends up in the product water
precipitation reaction
formation of a solid
oxidation reduction reaction
involves the transfer of electrons
oxidization
an increase in oxidation state; a loss of electrons
reduction
a decrease in oxidation state; a gain in electrons
oxidizing agent
A reactant that accepts electrons from another reactant
reducing agent
A reactant that donates electrons to another substance , reducing the oxidation the oxidation state of one of its own atoms
decomposition reaction
a reaction in which a compound can be broken down into simpler compounds or all the way to the component elements by heating or by the application of an electric current.
synthesis reaction
a given compound formed from simpler materials
chemical reaction
a process in which one or more substances are charged into one or more new substances by the reorganization of component atoms.
chemical equation
a representation of a chemical reaction showing the relative numbers of reactant and product molecules
reactant
starting substances in chemical reactions. They appear to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation.
product
Substances that result from chemical reactions. They are shown to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation.
nitric acid
HNO3
nitrate
NO3-
nitrite
NO2-
nitrous acid
HNO2
sulfuric acid
H2SO4
sulfate
SO4(2-)
sulfite
SO3(2-)
sulfurous acid
H2SO3
hydrogen sulfate
HSO4-
phosphoric acid
H3PO4
phosphate
PO4(3-)
hydrogen phosphate
HPO4(2-)
dihydrogen phosphate
H2PO4-
carbonate acid
H2CO3
carbonate
CO3(2-)
hydrogen carbonate
HCO3-
chloric acid
HClO3
chlorate
ClO3-
perchlorate
ClO4-
perchloric acid
HClO4
chlorite
ClO2-
chlorous acid
HClO2
acetic acid
HC2H3O2
acetate
C2H3O2-
chromic acid
H2CrO4
Boric acid
H3BO3
chromate
CrO4(2-)
borate
BO3(3-)
ammonium
NH4+
cyanide
CN-
cyanate
OCN-
thiocyanate
SCN-
peroxide
O2(2-)
hydroxide
OH-
thiosulfate
S2O3(2-)
dichromate
Cr2O7(2-)
Process for predicting the products of a precipitation reaction
Determine what ions each aqueous reactant has
Exchange ions
(+) ion from one reactant (-) one from other
Balance charges of combined ions to get formula of each product
criss/cross
Balance the equation
count atoms
Determine solubility of each product in water
solubility rules
if product is insoluble it will precipitate
atomic mass unit
a small amount of mass
molar mass
the mass in grams of one mole of a compound
formula weight
the mass in grams of one mole of an ionic compound
empirical formula
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
average atomic mass
in the periodic table
avogadro’s number
6.022 X 10^23
mass percent
the percent by mass of a component of a mixture or of a given element in a compound
volume to grams
multiply by density
grams to volume
divide by density
grams to moles
divide by molar mass
moles to grams
multiply by molar mass
moles to molecules
multiply by avos #
molecules to moles
divide by avos #
moles a to moles b
ratio of balancing coefficients
molecules to total atoms
multiply by the sum of subs
total atoms to molecules
divide by the sum of subs
molecules to amus
multiply by atomic mass
amus to molecules
divide by atomic mass
molecules to atoms of one type
multiply by sub
atoms of one type to molecules
divide by sub
