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organic chemistry > chapters 5-6-7 > Flashcards

chapters 5-6-7 Flashcards

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1
Q

constitutional isomers

A

same molecular formula but different structural formula

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2
Q

stereoisomers

A

differ in 3d arrangement of atoms

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3
Q

conformation

A

different versions of a molecule assuming that free rotation is paused

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4
Q

torsional strain

A

strain caused by groups eclipsing and wanting to twist away from each other

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5
Q

steric stain

A

strain caused by the repulsion of groups in close proximity

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6
Q

angle strain

A

strain caused by angles that are reduced

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7
Q

what are the strains in cyclopropanes

A
  • lots of angle strain because their bond angles are of 60 instead of 109.5
    -all of their hydrogens are eclipsed so torsional strain
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8
Q

what are the strains in cyclobutanes

A

-torsional strain if it is flat because all h will be eclipsed but less torsional strain if 2 c up and 2 c down because they will all be staggered
-steric strain due to axial positions
-lots of angle strain since angles are of 90 instead 109.5

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9
Q

what makes for a chiral molecules

A

-at least one chiral c (Sp3 Carbon with all different groups)
-no plane of symmetry
-# of possible stereoisomers = 2^n where n is the # of chiral C

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10
Q

what is the opposite of chiral

A

achiral

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11
Q

what is a miso compound

A

a molecule that is superimposable with its mirror image

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12
Q

what is a racemic mixture

A

an equal amount of both enantiomers

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13
Q

what does a junction in a fisher projection represent

A

a chiral carbon

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14
Q

what does a vertical line represent In a fisher projection

A

substituents going into the plane

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15
Q

what does a horizontal line represent in a fisher projection

A

a substituent coming out of the plane

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16
Q

clockwise

A

R

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17
Q

counterclockwise

A

S

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18
Q

1R and 1S (1 chiral center)

A

enantiomers

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19
Q

1R and 1R (1 chiral center)

A

same molecule

20
Q

2R and 2S (2 chiral centers)

A

enantiomers

21
Q

4R (2 chiral centers)

A

same molecule

22
Q

3R 1S (2 chiral centers)

A

diastereoisomers

23
Q

what is an addition reaction

A

a reaction that has a double or a triple bond of some sort and is added a group to one of the c that makes this bond

24
Q

what is an elimination reaction

A

a reaction where a molecule is taken 2 groups to from a ∏ bond

25
Q

what is a substitution reaction

A

a group taking the place of another one on a molecule

26
Q

what is a rearrangement reaction

A

an atom that changes place on a molecule (not a pair of electron like resonance)

27
Q

electron rich

A

an atom that has extra electrons and looks for positive charge in the nucleus

28
Q

electron poor

A

deficiant in electron, wants more

29
Q

electrophile

A

looking for more electrons

30
Q

nucleophile

A

wants positive charge

31
Q

what is the rate determining step in a mechanism

A

the slow step

32
Q

what’s a mechanism

A

a step by step description of how a reaction occurs :
- which bonds break
-which bonds are formed
-in what order

33
Q

what are the two ways a bond is made or broken

A

symmetrical where an electron goes to each atom in the bond
unsymmetrical where the two electrons go on the same atom

34
Q

how is the movement of electrons shown and where do they start from and where do they go

A

arrows show the movement of electrons from a nucleophile to an electrophile

35
Q

what charge can a nucleophile have and what will it be after donating a pair of electrons

A

the nucleophile can start as negative or neutral

when it donates, the neutral becomes positive or the negative becomes neutral

36
Q

what charge can an electrophile have and what will it be after accepting a pair of electrons

A

the electrophile can start as positive or neutral

after receiving, the neutral would become negative or the positive becomes neutral

37
Q

what is an endothermic reaction

A

△H positive

38
Q

what is an exothermic reaction

A

△H negative

39
Q

what is △G

A

Gibbs free energy and entropy

40
Q

what does a positive △G mean

A

an endergonic reaction so not spontaneous. k is small

41
Q

what does a negative △G mean

A

an exergonic reaction so spontaneous. k is large

42
Q

what is the formula for △G

A

△G=-RTlnKeq

43
Q

what is △S

A

a change in entropy

44
Q

what formula is related to △S

A

△G=△H-T△S

45
Q

if a reaction is product favored, what will be its Gibbs free energy

A

negative

organic chemistry (2 decks)

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