Chapters 4 and 6

Question 1

a. Phoneme

Answer 1

The smallest segmental unit of sounds that creates a difference in “meaning” between words

Question 2

b. Minimal pair

Answer 2

pairs of words in a particular language that differ in only one phonological element.

Question 3

c. Phonological rules

Answer 3

Phonological theories analyze sound production

i. Phonemic inventory: language
ii. Phonotactics: phoneme sequences in language
iii. Morphophonemic: Z vs S

Question 4

a. Phonology assumption

Answer 4

2 levels (surface and underlying level)

Question 5

b. Phonetics assumption

Answer 5

surface level

Question 6

a. Distinctive feature theory

Answer 6

specific properties of a sound that serve as the distinguishing marks among phonemes in a language (chomskey and halle 1968). Jacobson and Halle (1956) created earlier system based on articulatory production features

Question 7

b. Generative Phonology

Answer 7

Rules (Linear rules) describing the differences between the underlying- and surface-level representations were generated by using distinctive features (smith 1973)

Question 8

c. Natural Phonology

Answer 8

Phonological processes (=speech error patterns) are simplifications of adult sound production that is built in all children at birth

Question 9

5. Optimality theory

Answer 9

Constraint based approach

Question 10

a. Faithfulness

Answer 10

require the outputs to match the inputs (correct production)

Question 11

b. Marked

Answer 11

Rare and difficult/ complex

Question 12

c. Unmarked

Answer 12

Common/ easy to learn