Chapters 4-8 and film Flashcards
(70 cards)
Born to learn film
Why are babies “universal citizens of the world”?
They can hear same differences between sounds. They are universal only before their first birthday.
What are effects of speaking “parentese” on language development?
Parentese - unique signal
Babies babbled and spoke more
What age will a child’s brain have developed to 90% of adult size?
Age 5
What age where their differences between children’s executive function tasks based in high and low income?
Before six months (Dr.Clearfield)
What do infants/newborns need?
Fed breast milk or iron-fortified infant formula, high-iron foods
When can they eat solid foods?
4-6 months
Motor development
Neoates move head to side to avoid suffocation: head lift - 1 mo, lift chest - 2 mo, hold up head - 3 to 6 mo
cephalocaudal vs proximodistal
cephalocaudal - growth starts from the head and moves down to the feet.
proximodistal - growth starts from the body’s center, and moves outwards, to the arms and the legs
Development of hand control
3 months - Ulnar grasp, clumsy movements toward objects
4 to 6 months - can transfer objects back and forth between hands, more successful at grasping objects
9 to 12 months - Pincer grasp, can pick up tiny objects
15 to 24 months - stacking ability
Locomotion
6 months - roll over, sit if supported
7 months - sit on their own
8 to 9 months - crawl, walk with support
11 months - pull themselves up
12 to 15 months - walk by themselves, fall easily
Age 2 - can climb, run, walk backwards, jump several inches
Visual preferences
Neonates - nearsighted, 20/600, poor peripheral vision, expands to 45 degrees at 7 weeks
Birth to 6 months - dramatic gains in visual acuity made, 20/50
3 to 5 - visual acuity reaches adult level 20/20
Depth perception
Gibson and Walk (1960) examined depth perception with the visual cliff, identified what age depth perception develops, ability to crawl indicated ability to perceive depth
Campos (1970) - 9 months, heart rate increased when infants placed on edge of cliff, newly walking infants more afraid of falling off
Jean Piaget - Cognitive development
Stage 1: Sensorimotor, 0 to 2 years
Stage 2: Preoperational, 2 to 7 years
Stage 3: Concrete Operational - 7 to 12 years
Stage 4: Formal Operational - begins 11/12 years
Schemes
Children’s concepts of the world aka cognitive structures
Assimilation
For many new experiences, we can process this information and actively incorporate it into existing schemes
Accommodation
Sometimes, new experiences cannot fit into an existing schema and we have to modify that schema
Sensorimotor substages (1-3)
1st (1mo)- simple reflexes, grasping, sucking, visual tracking
2nd (1 to 4 mo)- primary circular reactions, motor (moving hands) and sensory (looking) scheme
3rd (4 to 8 mo)- secondary circular reactions, focus shifts to objects and environmental events
Sensorimotor substages (4-6)
4th (8 to 12 mo)- coordination of secondary schemes, show intentional, goal-directed behavior
5th (12 to 18 mo)- tertiary circular reactions, trial and error
6th (18 to 24 mo)- use mental trail and error instead of physical
Object permanence
birth to 6 mo - out of sight out of mind
6 mo - some advances are made
8 to 12 mo - some make the A-not-B error, but others know exactly where to look
Prelinguistic vocalizations
2nd mo - makes vowel-like sounds (cooing)
6-9 mo - begins babbling
Echolalia (10-12 mo)
imitates and repeats words or sounds
Intonation (end of the 1st year)
rising or falling of voice
When is the first word spoken?
between 11-13 months
