Chapters 4, 7, 11, 15

Question 1

Flow operations

Answer 1

Processes designed to handle high-volume, standard products.

Question 2

Routing

Answer 2

Provides information about the operations to be performed, their sequence, the work centers, and the time standards.

Question 3

Infinite loading

Answer 3

Scheduling that calculates the capacity needed at work centers in the time period needed without regard to the capacity available to do the work.

Question 4

Finite loading

Answer 4

Scheduling that loads work centers up to a predetermined amount of capacity.

Question 5

Forward scheduling

Answer 5

Schedule that determines the earliest possible completion date for a job. Due date Time when the job is supposed to be finished.

Question 6

Backward scheduling

Answer 6

Starts with the due date for an order and works backward to determine the start date for each activity.

Question 7

Slack

Answer 7

The amount of time a job can be delayed and still be finished by its due date.

Question 8

Input/output control

Answer 8

A technique for monitoring the flow of jobs between work centers.

Question 9

Job flow time

Answer 9

Measurement of the time a job spends in the shop before it is finished

Question 10

Job lateness

Answer 10

Measures whether the job is done ahead of, on, or behind schedule.

Question 11

Job tardiness

Answer 11

Measures how long after the due date the job is completed.

Question 12

Optimized production technology (OPT)

Answer 12

A technique used to schedule bottleneck systems.

Question 13

Theory of constraints (TOC)

Answer 13

A management philosophy that extends the concepts of OPT.

Question 14

Internal resource constraint

Answer 14

A regular bottleneck.

Question 15

Market constraint

Answer 15

The condition that results when market demand is less than production capacity.

Question 16

Policy constraint

Answer 16

The condition that results when a specific policy dictates the rate of production.

Question 17

Just-in-time (JIT) philosophy

Answer 17

Getting the right quantity of goods at the right place at the right time.

Question 18

Waste

Answer 18

Anything that does not add value.

Question 19

A broad view of JIT

Answer 19

A philosophy that encompasses the entire organization.

Question 20

Defining beliefs of JIT

Answer 20

Broad view of operations, simplicity, continuous improvement, visibility, and flexibility.

Question 21

Types of waste

Answer 21

Material, energy, time, and space.

Question 22

Broad view of the organization

Answer 22

Tasks and procedures are important only if they meet the company’s overall goals.

Question 23

Simplicity

Answer 23

The simpler a solution, the better it is.

Question 24

Visibility

Answer 24

Problems must be visible to be identified and solved.

Question 25

Flexibility

Answer 25

An organizational strategy in which the company attempts to offer a greater variety of product choices to its customers.

Question 26

JIT system

Answer 26

The three elements are just-in-time manufacturing, total quality management, and respect for people.

Question 27

Just-in-time manufacturing

Answer 27

The element of JIT that focuses on the production system to achieve value added manufacturing. Setup cost Cost incurred when setting up equipment for a production run.

Question 28

Total quality management (TQM)

Answer 28

Philosophy that seeks to improve quality by eliminating causes of product defects and by making quality the responsibility of everyone in the organization.

Question 29

Quality at the source

Answer 29

The belief that it is best to uncover the source of quality problems and eliminate it.

Question 30

Respect for people

Answer 30

An element of JIT that considers human resources as an essential part of the JIT philosophy.

Question 31

Pull system

Answer 31

JIT is based on a “pull” system rather than a “push” system.

Question 32

Kanban card

Answer 32

A card that specifies the exact quantity of product that needs to be produced

Question 33

Production card

Answer 33

A kanban card that authorizes production of material.

Question 34

Withdrawal card

Answer 34

A kanban card that authorizes withdrawal of material.

Question 35

Small-lot production

Answer 35

The ability to produce small quantities of products.

Question 36

Internal setup

Answer 36

Requires the machine to be stopped in order to be performed.

Question 37

External setup

Answer 37

Can be performed while the machine is still running.

Question 38

Uniform plant loading

Answer 38

A constant production plan for a facility with a given planning horizon.

Question 39

Multifunction workers

Answer 39

Capable of performing more than one job

Question 40

Supply chain management (SCM)

Answer 40

Management of the flow of materials from suppliers to customers in order to reduce overall cost and increase responsiveness to customers.

Question 41

External suppliers

Answer 41

All suppliers providing materials or services to manufacturing or service organizations, including the suppliers’ suppliers. Internal functions Activities performed by the final product company, such as processing, purchasing, production planning and control, quality assurance, and shipping.

Question 42

External distributors

Answer 42

Transport product or service to appropriate locations for eventual sale to customers.

Question 43

Tier one supplier

Answer 43

Supplies materials or services directly to the processing facility.

Question 44

Tier two supplier

Answer 44

Directly supplies materials or services to a tier one supplier in the supply chain.

Question 45

Tier three supplier

Answer 45

Directly supplies materials or services to a tier two supplier in the supply chain.

Question 46

Logistics

Answer 46

Activities involved in obtaining, producing, and distributing materials and products in the proper place and in proper quantities.

Question 47

Traffic management

Answer 47

Responsible for arranging the method of shipment for both incoming and outgoing products or materials.

Question 48

Distribution management

Answer 48

Responsible for movement of material from the manufacturer to the customer.

Question 49

Bullwhip effect

Answer 49

Inaccurate or distorted demand information created in the supply chain.

Question 50

Supply chain velocity

Answer 50

The speed at which product moves through a pipeline from the manufacturer to the customer.

Question 51

Green supply chain management

Answer 51

Green supply chain management

Question 52

Requisition request

Answer 52

Request indicating the need for an item

Question 53

Price and availability

Answer 53

The current price of the item and whether the quantity is available when needed.

Question 54

Purchase order

Answer 54

A legal document committing the company to buy the goods and providing details of the purchase.

Question 55

Sourcing strategy

Answer 55

A plan indicating suppliers to be used when making purchases.

Question 56

Vertical integration

Answer 56

A measure of how much of the supply chain is actually owned or operated by the manufacturing company.

Question 57

Insource

Answer 57

Processes or activities that are completed in-house.

Question 58

Outsource

Answer 58

Processes or activities that are completed by suppliers.

Question 59

Backward integration

Answer 59

Owning or controlling sources of raw materials and components.

Question 60

Forward integration

Answer 60

Owning or controlling the channels of distribution.

Question 61

Partnering

Answer 61

A process of developing a long-term relationship with a supplier based on mutual trust, shared vision, shared information, and shared risks.

Question 62

Crossdocking

Answer 62

Eliminates the storage and order-picking functions of a distribution warehouse.

Question 63

Manufacturing crossdocking

Answer 63

The receiving and consolidating of inbound supplies and materials to support just-in-time manufacturing.

Question 64

Distributor crossdocking

Answer 64

The receiving and consolidating of inbound products from different vendors into a multi-SKU pallet.

Question 65

Transportation crossdocking

Answer 65

Consolidation of LTL shipments to gain economies of scale.

Question 66

Retail crossdocking

Answer 66

Sorting product from multiple vendors onto outbound trucks headed for specific stores.

Question 67

The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model

Answer 67

is an effort to standardize measurement of supply chain performance. The SCOR model examines four different operational perspectives: reliability, flexibility, expenses, and assets/utilization.