Chapters 3, 5, 6, 9 ,10 Flashcards
Manufacturability
The ease with which a product can be made.
Product Design
The process of defining all of the product’s characteristics.
Service Design
The process of establishing all the characteristics of the service, including physical, sensual, and psychological benefits.
Benchmarking
The process of studying the practices of companies considered “best-in-class” and comparing your company’s performance against theirs.
Reverse Engineering
The process of disassembling a product to analyze its design features.
Early Supplier Involvement (ESI)
Involving suppliers in the early stages of product design.
Break-Even Analysis
A technique used to compute the amount of goods a company would need to sell to cover its costs.
Fixed Costs
Costs a company incurs regardless of how much it produces.
Variable Costs
Costs that vary directly with the amount of units produced.
Design for Manufacture (DFM)
A series of guidelines to follow in order to produce a product easily and profitably.
Product Life Cycle
A series of stages that products pass through in their lifetime, characterized by changing product demands over time.
Concurrent Engineering
An approach that brings together multifunction teams in the early phase of product design in order to simultaneously design the product and the process.
Remanufacturing
The concept of using components of old products in the production of new ones.
Intermittent Operations
Processes used to produce a variety of products with different processing requirements in lower volumes.
Repetitive Operations
Processes used to produce one or a few standardized products in high volume.
Project Process
A type of process used to make a one-at-a-time product exactly to customer specifications.
Batch Process
A type of process used to produce a small quantity of products in groups or batches based on customer orders or specifications.
Line Process
A type of process used to produce a large volume of standardized product
Continuous Process
A type of process that operates continually to produce a high volume of a fully standardized product.
Process flow analysis
A technique used for evaluating a process in terms of the sequence of steps from inputs to outputs with the goal of improving its design.
Bottleneck
Longest task in the process
Make-to-stock strategy
Produces standard products and services for immediate sale or delivery
Assemble-to-order strategy
Produces standard components that can be combined to customer specifications.
Make-to-order strategy
Produces products to customer specifications after an order has been received.
Process Performance metrics
Measurements of different process characteristics that tell how a process is performing
Throughput time
Average amount of time it takes a product to move through the system.
Process Velocity
Ratio of throughput time to value-added time. A measure of wasted time in the system
Productivity
Ratio of outputs over inputs. A measure of how well a company uses its resources
Utilization
Ratio of time a resource is used to time it is available for use. The proportion of time a resource is actually used.
Efficiency
Ratio of actual output to standard output. Measures performance relative to a standard
Automation
Using machinery to perform work without human operators
Service Package
A grouping of physical, sensual, and psychological benefits that are purchased together as part of a service.
Conformance to specifications
How well a product or service meets the targets and tolerances determined by its designers
Fitness for use
A definition of quality that evaluates how well the product performs for its intended use.
Value for price paid
Quality defined in terms of product or service usefulness for the price paid.
Support services
Quality defined in terms of the support provided after the product or service is purchased.
Psychological criteria
A subjective definition that focuses on the judgmental evaluation of what constitutes product or service quality. A way of defining quality that focuses on judgmental evaluations of what constitutes product or service excellence.
Prevention costs
Costs incurred in the process of preventing poor quality from occurring.
Appraisal costs
Costs incurred in the process of uncovering defects.
Internal failure costs
Costs associated with discovering poor product quality before the product reaches the customer.
External failure costs
Costs associated with quality problems that occur at the customer site.
Total quality management (TQM)
Philosophy that seeks to improve quality by eliminating causes of product defects and by making quality the responsibility of everyone in the organization.
Robust design
A design that results in a product that can perform over a wide range of conditions.
Taguchi loss function
Costs of quality increase as a quadratic function as conformance values move away from the target.
Continuous improvement
A philosophy of never-ending improvement.
Kaizen
A Japanese term that describes the notion of a company continually striving to be better through learning and problem solving.
Plan–do–study–act (PDSA) cycle
A diagram that describes the activities that need to be performed to incorporate continuous improvement into the operation.
Quality circle
A team of volunteer production employees and their supervisors who meet regularly to solve quality problems.
