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Road Map Gross Anatomy > Chapters 4 - > Flashcards

Chapters 4 - Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ vertebra marks the inferior extent of the third part of the duodenum and the origin of the IMA

A

L3

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2
Q

Bellybutton dermatome

A

T10 (common site of referred pain)

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3
Q

The abdominal wall consists of __ (#) tissue layers

A

8

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4
Q

Superficial fascia of abdomen consists of what 2 layers?

A

Camper’s (outer) and Scarpa’s (inner, lacks fat)

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5
Q

Scarpa’s fascia is continuous with ___?

A

Superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s fascia), superficial penile fascia, dartos fascia

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6
Q

External oblique aponeurosis contributes to. . .

A

Inguinal ligament, rectus sheath, linea alba

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7
Q

Internal oblique fibers run ____

A

Superiorly and medially (perpendicular to EO)

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8
Q

Internal oblique is continuous with ___ m.

A

Cremaster

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9
Q

Transversalis fascia gives rise to. . .

A

Internal spermatic fascia

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10
Q

T/F: the peritoneal cavity is completely closed for all people

A

F - females have uterine tubes open

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11
Q

Mesentery consists of ___ (#) layers of peritoneum

A

2

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12
Q

During fetal life, the ___ mesentery supplies structures below the diaphragm

A

Dorsal

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13
Q

During fetal life, the ____ mesentery supplies structures derived from foregut/spleen

A

Ventral

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14
Q

The mesentery contains. . .

A

Nerves, lymphatic vessels, and blood vessels

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15
Q

Parietal peritoneum forms ___ folds on the anterior abdominal wall, ___ of which contain remnants of fetal structures

A

5;3

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16
Q

Median umbilical fold

A

Urachus (remnant of allantois)

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17
Q

Medial umbilical folds (2x)

A

Medial umbilical ligaments (remnants of umbilical arteries)

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18
Q

Lateral umbilical folds (2x)

A

Inferior epigastric blood vessels (supply abs)

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19
Q

What innervates the skin, fascia, and muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Lower intercostals (T7-T11), subcostal (T12), and iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

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20
Q

Rectus sheath is formed by the aponeuroses of. . .

A

Superior 3/4: internal oblique
Anterior: external oblique
Posterior: transversus abdominis

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21
Q

The inferior epigastric arteries perforate the rectus abdominal muscles at the ___

A

Arcuate line

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22
Q

The arcuate line is important because. . .

A

Below it, the rectus abdominis muscle rests directly on the transversalis fascia

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23
Q

Posterior wall of the inguinal canal

A

Transversalis fascia (contains the deep inguinal ring)

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24
Q

The inferior epigastric vessels are ___ to the deep inguinal ring

A

Medial

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25
Q

Internal spermatic fascia is derived from. . .

A

Transversalis fascia

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26
Q

Anterior wall of inguinal canal

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique m. (contains superficial inguinal ring)

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27
Q

The inferior epigastric vessels are ___ to the superficial inguinal ring

A

Lateral

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28
Q

External spermatic fascia is derived from. . .

A

External oblique m.

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29
Q

Floor of inguinal canal

A

Inguinal ligament

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30
Q

Roof of inguinal canal

A

Transversus abdominis and internal oblique aponeuroses

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31
Q

Cremasteric fascia is derived from. . .

A

Fascia of internal oblique

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32
Q

Cremasteric reflex reflects status of. . .

A

L1 (ilioinguinal n. - sensory, genitofemoral n. - motor)

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33
Q

Testicular arises at level. . .

A

L2-L3 (from the aorta)

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34
Q

Ductus deferens artery arises from. . .

A

Internal iliac a.

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35
Q

Emission of sperm

A

T11-L1 (sm of ductus deferens)

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36
Q

Inguinal canal in females contains

A

Round ligament of uterus (gubernaculum)

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37
Q

Colicky pain comes from. . .

A

Contraction against an obstruction

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38
Q

Sharp, localized abdominal pain comes from. . .

A

Inflamed parietal peritoneum over affected structure

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39
Q

Splenic artery supplies. . . (4)

A

Spleen; neck/body/tail of pancreas; left side of greater curvature (L. gastroepiploic); fundus of stomach

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40
Q

Left gastric a. supplies. . . (2)

A

Lesser curvature of stomach, abdominal esophagus

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41
Q

Proper hepatic artery supplies. . . (3)

A

Lesser curvature (right gastric), liver, gallbladder (cystic artery)

42
Q

Gastroduodenal artery supplies. . . (3)

A

Foregut duodenum, superior pancreas head (anterior/posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries), greater curvature of stomach (r. gastroepiploic)

43
Q

Foregut innervation

A

Sympathetics, greater splanchnic nerves (T7-9) - refer pain in epigastric/hypochondriac region ; parasymph from vagus and terminal ganglia

44
Q

Hepatoduodenal ligament contains. . .

A

Hepatic portal vein, proper hepatic artery, and bile duct

45
Q

Epiploic foramen

A

Communication to greater peritoneal cavity from omental bursa (lesser peritoneal cavity)

46
Q

Omental bursa is ___ to stomach

A

Posterior

47
Q

Borders of epiploic foramen

A

P: IVC, A: hepatoduodenal ligament, S: caudate lobe, I: duodenum

48
Q

Surgical access to omental bursa (3 choices)

A

Lesser omentum, gastrocolic ligament, or gastrosplenic ligaments

49
Q

Danger of operating in lesser omentum

A

R & L gastric arteries

50
Q

Danger of operating in gastrocolic ligament

A

Middle colic artery

51
Q

Danger of operating in gastrosplenic ligament

A

Short gastric a. and L gastroepipolic a.

52
Q

Gastric carcinoma begins in the ____ and metastasizes to the _____

A

Pyloric part; cisterna chyli (produces L supraclavicular node of Virchow)

53
Q

____ artery is subject to erosion by penetrating ulcer of posterior wall of stomach

A

Splenic

54
Q

___ artery is subject to erosion by ulcer in lesser curvature

A

L. gastric

55
Q

___ artery is subject to erosion by ulcer in posterior wall of duodenum

A

Gastroduodenal

56
Q

Penetrating ulcer pain may refer to ___

A

Shoulder

57
Q

Spleen is protected posterolaterally by ribs ____ (#)

A

9-12

58
Q

The head/neck/body of the pancreas are located _____ while the tail is ____ and located in the splenorenal ligament

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal; peritoneal

59
Q

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma develops commonly in the ___ and causes pain in ___

A

Head; epigastric region radiating to back

60
Q

Obstructed bile duct causes ___

A

Obstructive jaundice

61
Q

Jejeunum has ___ arcades and ___ vasa rectra

A

Short; long

62
Q

Ileum has ___ arcades and ___ vasa rectra

A

Long; short

63
Q

Ileocolic a. supplies. . .

A

Distal part of ileum, appendix, cecum, proximal part of ascending colon

64
Q

R. colic artery supplies

A

Ascending colon

65
Q

Middle colic artery supplies. . .

A

Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

66
Q

Pain from small intestine referred to. . .

A

T5-T10 (epigastric, umbilical)

67
Q

Pain from cecum/appendix/early colon referred to. . .

A

T10-T12 (umblical, hypogastric, lumbar)

68
Q

Midgut part of duodenum is ___ (location)

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal (~L3)

69
Q

SMA syndrome

A

Horizontal duodenum is compressed by SMA/aorta

70
Q

Ligament of Treitz

A

Suspends duodenojejunal junction; marker for hematemesis v. hematochezia

71
Q

2s of Meckel’s diverticulum

A

2 ft from ileocecal junction, 2% of population, 2in long, 2 tissues (gastric or pancreatic)

72
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

SAD PUCKER - Suprarenal glands, aorta/IVC, duodenum (2nd/3rd), pancreas (except tail), ureters, colon (ascending/descending), kidneys, esophagus, rectum

73
Q

Psoas sign

A

Right thigh extended at hip against resistance

74
Q

Obturator sign

A

Right thigh flexed and internally rotated

75
Q

Complication of appy

A

Iliohypogastric n. lesion - weakening of anterior abdominal wall, direct inguinal hernia

76
Q

Sigmoid volvulus

A

Sigmoid colon twisted; left-sided colicky pain, abdominal distension, hematochezia

77
Q

LLQ pain (MCC)

A

Diverticulitis

78
Q

Common sites for bowel infarction

A

Splenic flexure and rectum

79
Q

Hepatic portal vein is located ___ to the pancreas neck

A

Posterior (unites with SMV, splenic vein)

80
Q

Portal HTN effects

A

(1) Esophageal varices (from L gastric vein–>eso plexus), (2) internal hemorrhoids (superior rectal v–>middle/inferior rectal vein), (3) caput medusa (paraumbilical veins –> superior epigastric veins), (4) splenomegaly

81
Q

L kidney is ___ compared to R kidney

A

Superior, anterior to 11/12 ribs

82
Q

R renal artery passes ____ to IVC

A

Posterior

83
Q

L renal vein passes ____ to abdominal aorta

A

Anterior

84
Q

Compression of L renal vein by SMA aneurysm may cause. . .

A

Varicocele

85
Q

Arteries supplying the ureters

A

Renal a. (upper), common iliac (middle), superior vesical a. (lower)

86
Q

Renal colic may radiate to. . .

A

T11-L2 dermatomes (back above iliac crest, inguinal region, and scrotum/labia majora)

87
Q

MCC site for abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

L4 (just above bifurcation)

88
Q

Aorta branch points in abdomen (5)

A

T12 - celiac, L1 - SMA, L2 - renal, L2-L3 - gonadal, L3 - IMA

89
Q

IVC formed at level. . .

A

L5 by union of common iliac veins, ascends right of midline

90
Q

Hiatuses of diaphragm (3)

A

Caval (T8, IVC/R phrenic), esophageal (T10, esophagus + vagal trunks), aortic (T12, aorta/azygos/thoracic duct)

91
Q

T/F: Caput medusae develop in patients with pancreatic carcinoma

A

F

92
Q

Appy pain is carried by. . .

A

Lower thoracic splanchnic nerves

93
Q

Ileum v. jejenum

A

Ileum: more fat in mesentery, thinner, less vascular

94
Q

Division of urogenital and anal triangles

A

Ischial tuberosities (imaginary line)

95
Q

Pelvic diaphragm attaches. . .

A

Base: bony/fascial walls of lesser pelvis just below pelvic brim; apex - anal triangle

96
Q

Levator ani is located in. . .

A

Anterior 2/3 of pelvic diaphragm

97
Q

Components of levator ani (3)

A

Pubococcygeus muscle, puborectalis, iliococcygeus

98
Q

Muscle encircling the vagina, prostate, and anorectal junction attaching to perineal body

A

Pubococcygeus

99
Q

Muscle bounding urogenital hiatus and forming part of external anal sphincter

A

Puborectalis

100
Q

Muscle derived from tendinous arch attaching to anococcygeal raphe between anal canal/coccyx

A

Iliococcygeus (S4/S5)

101
Q

Ischiococcygeus m. is located. . .

A

Posterior 1/3 of pelvic diaphragm

102
Q

Innervation of pelvic diaphragm

A

Ventral rami of S2/S3 and branches of pudendal n.

Road Map Gross Anatomy (2 decks)

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