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DHG 130 Study Guides > Chapters 39, 40, 41 > Flashcards

Chapters 39, 40, 41 Flashcards

1
Q

Adaptation

A

relationship between the working end of an instrument and the tooth surface being treated

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2
Q

Angulation

A

the angle formed by the working end of an instrument with the surface to which the instrument is applied for treatment

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3
Q

Blade

A

working end of an instrument with special design for a particular clinical treatment

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4
Q

Curet

A

a curved, rounded dental instrument utilized for scaling, root planing, and gingival curettage

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5
Q

Area-specific curet

A

a specialized instrument designed with specific angles in the shank for adaptation to certain group of tooth structures

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6
Q

Universal curet

A

A curet designed for use on any tooth surface where the adaptation, angulation, and other principles of instrumentation can be correctly and effectively accomplished

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7
Q

Curettage

A

Removal of the inflamed soft tissue lining of a pocket wall

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8
Q

Dominant hand

A

the hand generally used for performing tasks such as writing and holding instruments for scaling

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9
Q

Finger rest

A

For an intraoral rest, the place on a tooth or teeth where the third or ring finger of the hand holdng the instrument is placed to provide stabilization and control during activation of the instrument

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10
Q

Fulcrum

A

the support upon which a lever rests while force intended to produce motion is exerted

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11
Q

Indirect vision

A

use of a dental mouth mirror to view the area of instrumentation. Indirect lighting is provided by the mirror

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12
Q

Instrumentation zone

A

section of the tooth where treatment is indicated and instrumentation is performed

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13
Q

Lateral pressure

A

the minimal pressure that is required of an instrument against the tooth to accomplish the objective of the assessment or treatment

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14
Q

Offset blade

A

the blade of an area-specific Gracey curet in which the lower shank is at 70 degrees angle to the face of the blade; contrasts with a universal curet blade, which is at a 90 degree angle with the lower shank

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15
Q

Scaler

A

instrument designed for initial removal of calculus, prior to finishing with a curet

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16
Q

Scaling

A

instrumentation of a tooth surface to remove calculus and biofilm

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17
Q

Shank

A

the part of an instrument between the handle and the working end

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18
Q

Lower or terminal shank

A

part of the shank next to the blade

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19
Q

Stroke

A

a single unbroken movement made by an instrument against a tooth surface during an examination or treatment procedure to accomplish a particular objective the motion made for activation of an instrument

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20
Q

Arkansas stone

A

fine-grained sharpening stone quarried from natural mineral deposits

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21
Q

Burnish

A

to smooth and polish; an effect that can result when a dull scaler or curet is passed over tenacious calculus in an attempt to remove the deposit

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22
Q

Cutting edge

A

the fine line formed where the face and lateral surfaces of a scaler or curet meet when the instrument is sharp; when the instrument is dull, the line has thickness and may even reflect light

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23
Q

Hone

A

A sharpening stone

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24
Q

Honing

A

Act of sharpening

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25
Testing stick
plastic 1/4 inch rod, 3 inches long, used to test the sharpness of a scaler or curet
26
Antibiotic
A form of antimicrobial agent produced by or obtained from microorganisms that can kill other microorganisms or inhibit their growth; may be specific for certain organisms or may cover a broad spectrum
27
Antimicrobial therapy
use of specific chemical or pharmaceutical agents for the control or destruction of microorganisms, either systemically or at specific sites
28
Attachement
with reference to the clinical attachment level, which is the position of the periodontal attached tissue at the base of the sulcus or pocket as measured from a fixed point
29
New attachment
the union of connective tissue or epithelium with a root surface that has been deprived of its original attachment apparatus; the new attachment may be epithelial adhesion and/or connective tissue adaptation or attachment and it may include new cementum
30
Reattachment
the reunion of epithelial and connective tissues with root surfaces and bone occurs after an incision or injury
31
Bacteremia
Prescence of bacteria in the blood
32
Bioabsorbable
available for absorption by the body
33
Biodegradable
susceptible of degradation by biological processes, as by bacterial or other enzymatic action
34
Cannula
tubular instrument placed in a cavity to introduce or withdraw fluid
35
Chemotherapy
treatment by means of chemical or pharmaceutical agents
36
Controlled release
local delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent to a site-specific area; may be a patch worn on the skin or a polymeric fiber, such as that used to deliver an agent to a peridontal pocket
37
Endoscopy
a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure used in medicine to examine inaccessible tissues by inserting a fiber-optic tube into the body
38
Endotoxin
LPS complex found in the cell wall of many gram-negative microorganisms; contained superficially within periodontally involved cementum
39
Furcation
anatomic area between the roots of a multirooted tooth
40
Furcation invasion
pathologic resorption of bone within a furcation
41
Instrumentation zone
area on tooth where instrumentation is confined area where calculus and altered cementum are lovated and treatment is required
42
Infection
invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues
43
Endogenous infection
caused by microorganisms that are part of the normal microbiota of the skin, nose, mouth, and intestinal and urogenital tracts
44
Exogenous infection
caused by organisms acquired from outside the oral cavity or the host
45
Opportunistic infection
occurs in a systemically or locally impaired host; opportunistic pathogens may not be highly virulent, but they can cause disease when the host denfense is altered
46
Nonsurgical perodontal therapy
dental biofilm removal and control, supragingival and subgingival scaling, root planing, and adjunctive treatments such as the use of chemotherapy; the basic objectives are to restore periodontal health; arrest or slow the progression of early periodontal disease; or more advanced disease, to prepare the tissues for more complex periodontal therapy
47
Root planing
a definitive treatment procedure designed to remove altered cementum or surface dentin that is rough, impregnanted with calculus or contaminated with toxins or microorganisms. Also termed debridement or root preparation
48
Refractory
not responding to usual treatment
49
What instruments are used for examinations?
Probe, explorer
50
What instruments are used for treatments?
Curets and scalers
51
What is the working end?
The part used to carry out the purpose and function of the instrument
52
What is the working end of a scaler and curet?
Blade
53
What are the causes of carpal tunnel?
Decisions of wrist from neutral (bent wrist), pinch grasp with insufficient rest and other inappropriate work habits
54
What are the main objectives of sharpening?
Preservation of the original shape while restoring a sharp cutting edge
55
How can you tell if your instrument is dull?
The dull cutting edge presents as a rounded, shiny surface that reflects light When using the plastic testing stick, the dull cutting edge does not catch without undue pressure and slides easily over the surface of the stick
56
Perio debridement includes which type of treatment?
Removal of plaque, calculus, endotoxins, and other bacterial products, root planing to remove residual calculus and smoother tooth surface, irrigation using an anti microbial agent, sustained release antibiotic or antimicrobial agent particularly for refractory infections, removal of iatrogenic biofilm retainers, analysis and correction of occlusal irregularities
57
What are the outcomes of NSP/clinical endpoints?
Bleeding on probing eliminated, probing depths reduced, attachment levels same or improved, inflammation is resolved, gingival appearance : size is reduced, color normal Subgingival microflora is lowered/delay in repopulation Dental biofilm control record shows improvement in scores approaching 100% biofilm free Tooth surface is smooth, no biofilm retentive irregularities Quality of life factors= oral comfort with freedom from pain
58
Water spray/ tip oscillation does what in ultrasonic scaling?
Water keeps the tip cool | Oscillation of tip - turbulence disruptive effect
59
Sequence of appointment for NSP 1
By quadrants with or without anesthesia at 1 week intervals
60
Sequence of appointment for NSP 2
Two quads of the same side may be completed in one appointment
61
Sequence of appointments for NSP 3
Examine quads previously treated for evidence of healing
62
Sequence of appointments for NSP 4
Calculus left can be removed by remedial scaling procedures
63
Sequence of appointments for NSP 5
At least 2 weeks after scaling, healing of the tissue is to be expected to be well under way. Probe again
64
All about arestin (minocyclin)
Sustained release: 14 days | Contraindications: tetracycline sensitivity and pregnant or nursing
65
All about Atridox (Doxycycline)
Liquid comes in syringe Solidifies on contact Benefits: reduced probing depths, attachment gained, destruction of pathogenic bacteria Can block the flow of sulcus fluid and create an absess
66
All about perio chip (chx chip)
Piece you put in the pocket | No potential for bacterial resistance
67
Mode of action for magnetostrictive scalers
Uses stacks of metal strips in the hand piece Vibrations in the top create a magnetic field Tip moves in an elliptical pattern: all surfaces of the tip are active Frequency: 18000-45000 cycles per sec.
68
Mode of action for piezoelectric scalers
Ceramic rod in the hand piece Activated by dimensional changes in quartz housed in hand piece Tip moves in linear pattern: forward and backward so only lateral surfaces are active Adjustment at every line angle to maintain correct adaptation 25000-50000 cps
69
What does he o-ring do?
Seals the water and holds the tip in
70
Face of blade/lower shank relation on a universal curet
Perpendicular (at 90 degree angle) to the lower shank
71
Face of blade/lower shank relation on a Gracey curet (area specific)
“Offset” (at an angle approx. 70 degrees) in relation to the lower shank
72
What are the objectives of a finger rest?
``` Stability Unit control Prevention of injury Comfort for pt Control of length stroke ```
73
What are endotoxins?
LPS (lipopolysaccharides) derives from cell wall of gram negative microorganisms Are toxic to tissue Cause inflammation and destruction to the periodontal attachment Embedded in the cemental surface and superficial biofilm and can be removed readily

DHG 130 Study Guides (3 decks)

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