Chapters 31/24

Question 1

Confirm diagnosis and treatment

Question 2

CBC

Answer 2

Complete Blood Cell-Information about state of health or presence of illness

Question 3

WBC

Answer 3

White blood cells

Question 4

Cardiac Enzymes

Answer 4

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)- Detect damage to striated and heart muscle; these are cardiac enzymes.

NOW» Troponin test and CK> cardiac enzymes –currently being ordered by the Physician to detect heart attack which causes cardiac enzymes elevation.

Question 5

Serology tests

Answer 5

Check for the presence of specific antibodies in the blood

Question 6

Radioactivity of the antibody component (test)

Answer 6

Radioimmunoassays- a technique for determining antibody levels by introducing an antigen labeled with a radioisotope and measuring the subsequent radioactivity of the antibody component.

Question 7

Collecting urine specimens

Question 8

Electrical activity of the heart (test)

Answer 8

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 9

Heart rate, BP, and exercise (test)

Question 10

Respiratory function, lung capacity (test)

Answer 10

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) spirometry

Question 11

Noninvasive method of visualizing soft tissue structures of the body (TEST)

Answer 11

Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI

Question 12

Visual inspect the upper digestive tract and stomach (TEST)

Answer 12

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Question 13

Aspiration is performed by (Technique)

Answer 13

Placing needle into the mass

Question 14

Brain and electrical activity (TEST)

Answer 14

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 15

Opiate-like peptides that modify the perception of pain

Answer 15

✔Endorphins are endogenous, naturally occurring opiate-like peptides that modify the perception of pain
✔The word endorphin comes from “morphine” and “endogenous” (from within)
✔Endorphin (hormone) is the brain’s natural painkiller that stimulates a good feeling.
✔Endorphins help to control chronic pain as well as temporary pain associated with exercise.

Question 16

Patient and amputated part

Answer 16

Phantom Pain

Question 17

Pain scale on baby

Answer 17

Wong-Baker FACES Pain
Rating Scale for children

Question 18

COX-2 inhibitor and pain

Answer 18

• Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 inhibitors)- plays a role in arthritis pain ; celecoxib

Question 19

Excessive daytime sleepiness

Answer 19

Hypersomnia

Question 20

Obstruction of the air passages at the back of the mouth and nose

Answer 20

Sleep apnea

Question 21

Uncontrollable, brief episodes of sleep during normal hours of wakefulness

Answer 21

Narcolepsy

Question 22

X-ray

Question 23

Types of pain

Answer 23

Acute: short-term
Chronic: long-term
Nociceptive(4phases): injury to tissues
Neuropathic: sensitivity to stimuli
Phantom: after loss of body part

Four phases associated with nociceptive pain
◦ Transduction
◦ Transmission
◦ Perception
◦ Modulation