Chapters 31/24 Flashcards
Confirm diagnosis and treatment
CBC
Complete Blood Cell-Information about state of health or presence of illness
WBC
White blood cells
Cardiac Enzymes
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)- Detect damage to striated and heart muscle; these are cardiac enzymes.
NOW» Troponin test and CK> cardiac enzymes –currently being ordered by the Physician to detect heart attack which causes cardiac enzymes elevation.
Serology tests
Check for the presence of specific antibodies in the blood
Radioactivity of the antibody component (test)
Radioimmunoassays- a technique for determining antibody levels by introducing an antigen labeled with a radioisotope and measuring the subsequent radioactivity of the antibody component.
Collecting urine specimens
Electrical activity of the heart (test)
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Heart rate, BP, and exercise (test)
Respiratory function, lung capacity (test)
Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) spirometry
Noninvasive method of visualizing soft tissue structures of the body (TEST)
Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI
Visual inspect the upper digestive tract and stomach (TEST)
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Aspiration is performed by (Technique)
Placing needle into the mass
Brain and electrical activity (TEST)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Opiate-like peptides that modify the perception of pain
✔Endorphins are endogenous, naturally occurring opiate-like peptides that modify the perception of pain
✔The word endorphin comes from “morphine” and “endogenous” (from within)
✔Endorphin (hormone) is the brain’s natural painkiller that stimulates a good feeling.
✔Endorphins help to control chronic pain as well as temporary pain associated with exercise.
Patient and amputated part
Phantom Pain
Pain scale on baby
Wong-Baker FACES Pain
Rating Scale for children
COX-2 inhibitor and pain
- Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 inhibitors)- plays a role in arthritis pain ; celecoxib
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Hypersomnia
Obstruction of the air passages at the back of the mouth and nose
Sleep apnea
Uncontrollable, brief episodes of sleep during normal hours of wakefulness
Narcolepsy
X-ray
Types of pain
Acute: short-term
Chronic: long-term
Nociceptive(4phases): injury to tissues
Neuropathic: sensitivity to stimuli
Phantom: after loss of body part
Four phases associated with nociceptive pain
◦ Transduction
◦ Transmission
◦ Perception
◦ Modulation
