Chapters 3 and 4 B3

Question 1

Which hormone is released into your blood when your blood glucose levels are lower than normal?

Answer 1

Glucagon

Question 1

What is peat?

Answer 1

Produced over thousands of years from moss in wet acidic boggy areas. It is very rich in nutrients and has been dug up and sold for compost

Question 2

Why does the dialysis fluid contain glucose at the same concentration as a healthy human?

Answer 2

So that the concentration of glucose will not change ? it won’t diffuse through the membrane

Question 2

Why are transplant patients more at risk of infection?

Answer 2

They have to take immunosuppressant drugs to prevent the immune system attacking the transplanted organ

Question 2

How can carbon dioxide be removed from the atmosphere

Answer 2

Trees and plants take up carbon dioxide by photosynthesis

Question 3

What are the negative consequences of destroying and removing peat from peat bogs?

Answer 3

loss of a diverse habitat, when the moss is aerated it begins to decay which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and contributes to global warming

Question 4

Describe the meaning of the term sustainable?

Answer 4

Sustainable means using resources for human needs without harming the environment

Question 5

State two major reasons for deforestation

Answer 5

To provide timber for furniture, building and fuel and for creating land for farming / building

Question 5

State the advantages and disadvantages of biofuels

Answer 5

Advantages: Reduces fossil fuel usage by providing an alternative fuel, no overall increase in the level of carbon dioxide, doesn?t produce particulates. Disadvantages: habitat loss, extinction of species.

Question 6

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 6

Where patients do not make enough insulin and so blood glucose level is not controlled.

Question 7

Why is it dangerous if your core body temperature drops below 350C

Answer 7

Enzymes will not work properly and chemical reactions will slow down. You will become hypothermic

Question 8

Population increase has negative effects on the environment. Suggest these negative effects.

Answer 8

Shortage of food in some countries, more land being used for farming and building, more pollution being produced, the world?s resources are being used faster than they can be replaced

Question 9

What is the energy source for making biofuels?

Answer 9

The sunlight used in photosynthesis

Question 10

What actions have governments taken to prevent overfishing?

Answer 10

Net size ? larger holes to allow younger fish to escape and breed ? replenish the population and fishing quotas ? prevent endangered species from being overfished

Question 11

Apart from urea what else does the kidney regulate?

Answer 11

Excess salt (ions) and water

Question 11

What are the effects of deforestation?

Answer 11

Increases CO2 (global warming), loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, loss of future resources

Question 11

Why do we describe biogas as carbon neutral?

Answer 11

The carbon dioxide taken in during the growing of the biofuels in photosynthesis is released again when the fuel is burnt

Question 13

Which organ removes urea?

Answer 13

Kidneys

Question 14

What conditions must be kept constant in the production of mycoprotein?

Answer 14

The pH and the temperature

Question 15

Name five internal conditions that must be kept constant

Answer 15

pH, Water, ion content, temperature, blood sugar levels

Question 15

Why does the renal dialysis fluid have to be changed after a dialysis session?

Answer 15

The dialysis fluid will contain the patients excess salt and water

Question 15

What is mycoprotein?

Answer 15

A high protein low fat meat substitute that can be flavoured made from a fungus

Question 16

What are the major sources of these gases?

Answer 16

Methane from cattle farming and rice paddy fields. Carbon dioxide from increased combustion (burning) of fossil fuels to supply us with energy.

Question 18

Why does the renal dialysis fluid have to be sterile?

Answer 18

To prevent infections

Question 20

Explain why a recipient may reject a transplanted kidney?

Answer 20

The recipients immune system can recognize that the antigens on the transplanted kidney are not their own. The white blood cells would then attack and destroy the organ

Question 21

How does sweating cool you?

Answer 21

Sweating cools the body because the water evaporates and takes the heat away with it.

Question 22

How does shivering warm you up?

Answer 22

Stimulates the skeletal muscles to contract and relax quickly which requires energy from respiration. Respiration produces heat.

Question 23

Which of these are carbohydrates and which are proteins? Glucagon, glucose, glycogen, insulin

Answer 23

Carbs: Glucose, glycogen. Proteins: Glucagon, Insulin

Question 25

List three ways in which farming can damage the environment

Answer 25

Cows produce methane ? greenhouse gas which contributes to global warming, the use of fertilisers can run off the soil polluting the rivers which can cause eutrophication and the use of pesticides / herbicides which can wash into waterways and build up in the food chain to toxic levels

Question 26

Name two food products produced by yeasts

Answer 26

Alcohol and bread

Question 27

Why has there been an increase in the two major greenhouse gases?

Answer 27

Increased combustion demand for energy. Increased demand for meat ? more farming

Question 28

How would controlling the temperature of animals reduce energy loss?

Answer 28

Warm: Reduce heat loss, less energy wasted in keeping warm.

Question 30

Describe vasodilation

Answer 30

Nerves stimulate the blood vessels that supply the capillaries in the skin. They dilate and this allows more blood to flow to the surface. The excess heat radiates away from the body

Question 32

How would the water content of your urine change if the weather was hot but you didn?t drink any water

Answer 32

Urine would be very concentrated, little water

Question 32

Explain three ways in which deforestation results in carbon dioxide release

Answer 32

Slash and burn ? removing the trees which take in carbon dioxide when they photosynthesize. Burning the trees which release carbon dioxide when they burn. The release of carbon dioxide from the microbes that decompose the decaying material

Question 34

Which organ monitors your blood glucose levels?

Answer 34

Pancreas

Question 35

Why do people with diabetes urinate very frequently?

Answer 35

When the kidneys filter the blood too much glucose is filtered out and the kidneys do not reabsorb the glucose. Glucose passes out of the urine and a lot of water goes with it. This is also why diabetics feel very thirsty

Question 36

List the disadvantages of energy efficient farming

Answer 36

Greater risk of disease spreading between animals, inhumane / cruel, poor quality product

Question 37

After 1900 there was a dramatic rise in the population. Suggest reasons why

Answer 37

Diet improved, hygiene improved, healthcare improve, infant mortality fell

Question 39

Why can exercise cause us to overheat?

Answer 39

Increases respiration which produces heat as a byproduct

Question 40

Explain why blood glucose level rises after you have eaten a meal?

Answer 40

the digested carbohydrates (glucose) enters your blood via the walls of the small intestine

Question 41

What is the affect of carbon dioxide released from cars factories, burning wood?

Answer 41

This greenhouse gas contributes to global warming

Question 43

Which two gases are the main greenhouses gases?

Answer 43

Methane and carbon dioxide

Question 44

How do farmers maximize energy transfers?

Answer 44

Reduce animal movement / control the temperature of their animals

Question 45

Why must blood sugar be regulated?

Answer 45

Needed for respiration. Too little ? tired and faint. Too much and water would leave the cells by osmosis