Chapters 1 and 2 B3 Flashcards
What is the main difference between diffusion and osmosis?
The partially permeable membrane insures that only water particles can diffuse as other particles, like glucose are to big to pass.
What exchange are the lungs used for?
Gaseous exchange.
What happens in the process of breathing in?
1) Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract. 2) The ribcage moves out and the diaphragm flattens. 3) The volume of the thorax increases, decreasing pressure. 4) The air is drawn in to the lungs.
What happens in the process of breathing out?
1) Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax. 2) The ribcage moves in and the diaphragm become round. 3) The volume of the thorax decreases, which increase pressure. 4) The air is pushed out of the lungs.
Why do large organisms have exchange surfaces?
To obtain all the food and oxygen need to keep the organism alive.
Osmosis
The movement of water through diffusion
What is breathing in and out called?
Ventilation
Xylem
A plant tissue used to transport water and minerals up the plant.
Veins
Large lumen Carry blood to the heart Have valves to prevent backflow
When are sports drinks actually useful?
After a very intense workout, when sweat causes a great loss of water and ions. Otherwise, regular water is enough.
What are villi?
Villi are hair like structures in the inside of the small intestine. They have small thin walls and have many capillaries close to the walls making is easy for digested food particles to diffuse through, (though active transport is sometimes used.)
When do the guard cells close?
When too much water is being lost.
What blood vessel does the right ventricle deliver blood to?
The pulmonary artery
What are valves used for?
To ensure that the blood is going the right way
Explain the process of gaseous exchange at the alveoli.
The red blood cells in the capillaries diffuse the CO2 into the alveoli, through the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries, which is breathed out. At the same time oxygen is diffused from the alveoli, into the capillaries into the red blood cells.
Describe the three stages to active transport.
1) The protein grabs hold of a molecule. 2) Using energy it rotates to face the inside of the cell and releases the molecule on the other side of the membrane. 3) Again using energy it rotates back to the outside.
Where does the pulmonary vein deliver blood to?
The left atrium
Alveoli
The tiny gas sacs in the lungs that are used for gaseous exchange
Which blood vessel delivers blood to the right atria?
The vena cava
If a sports drink’s concentration matches the body fluids, what is the solution called?
Isotonic.
Active Transport
Uses energy to move molecules over partial membranes against the concentration gradient.
Stomata
Tiny holes at the bottom of the leaf, that allow gas in and out of the plant. They are controlled by guard cells.
Describe the general structure of an artery
Small lumen Carry blood away from the heart Have thick walls containing elastic tissue and muscle
What are the layers of a leaf cell, top down?
Waxy cuticle Upper epidermis Palisade layer Sponge layer ( which has lots of air pockets) Lower epidermis Stomata/Guard cells
