Chapters 1 and 2 B3

Question 1

What is the main difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Answer 1

The partially permeable membrane insures that only water particles can diffuse as other particles, like glucose are to big to pass.

Question 1

What exchange are the lungs used for?

Answer 1

Gaseous exchange.

Question 2

What happens in the process of breathing in?

Answer 2

1) Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract. 2) The ribcage moves out and the diaphragm flattens. 3) The volume of the thorax increases, decreasing pressure. 4) The air is drawn in to the lungs.

Question 2

What happens in the process of breathing out?

Answer 2

1) Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax. 2) The ribcage moves in and the diaphragm become round. 3) The volume of the thorax decreases, which increase pressure. 4) The air is pushed out of the lungs.

Question 3

Why do large organisms have exchange surfaces?

Answer 3

To obtain all the food and oxygen need to keep the organism alive.

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

The movement of water through diffusion

Question 5

What is breathing in and out called?

Answer 5

Ventilation

Question 5

Xylem

Answer 5

A plant tissue used to transport water and minerals up the plant.

Question 6

Veins

Answer 6

Large lumen Carry blood to the heart Have valves to prevent backflow

Question 8

When are sports drinks actually useful?

Answer 8

After a very intense workout, when sweat causes a great loss of water and ions. Otherwise, regular water is enough.

Question 9

What are villi?

Answer 9

Villi are hair like structures in the inside of the small intestine. They have small thin walls and have many capillaries close to the walls making is easy for digested food particles to diffuse through, (though active transport is sometimes used.)

Question 9

When do the guard cells close?

Answer 9

When too much water is being lost.

Question 9

What blood vessel does the right ventricle deliver blood to?

Answer 9

The pulmonary artery

Question 10

What are valves used for?

Answer 10

To ensure that the blood is going the right way

Question 12

Explain the process of gaseous exchange at the alveoli.

Answer 12

The red blood cells in the capillaries diffuse the CO2 into the alveoli, through the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries, which is breathed out. At the same time oxygen is diffused from the alveoli, into the capillaries into the red blood cells.

Question 13

Describe the three stages to active transport.

Answer 13

1) The protein grabs hold of a molecule. 2) Using energy it rotates to face the inside of the cell and releases the molecule on the other side of the membrane. 3) Again using energy it rotates back to the outside.

Question 14

Where does the pulmonary vein deliver blood to?

Answer 14

The left atrium

Question 16

Alveoli

Answer 16

The tiny gas sacs in the lungs that are used for gaseous exchange

Question 17

Which blood vessel delivers blood to the right atria?

Answer 17

The vena cava

Question 18

If a sports drink’s concentration matches the body fluids, what is the solution called?

Answer 18

Isotonic.

Question 20

Active Transport

Answer 20

Uses energy to move molecules over partial membranes against the concentration gradient.

Question 21

Stomata

Answer 21

Tiny holes at the bottom of the leaf, that allow gas in and out of the plant. They are controlled by guard cells.

Question 22

Describe the general structure of an artery

Answer 22

Small lumen Carry blood away from the heart Have thick walls containing elastic tissue and muscle

Question 23

What are the layers of a leaf cell, top down?

Answer 23

Waxy cuticle Upper epidermis Palisade layer Sponge layer ( which has lots of air pockets) Lower epidermis Stomata/Guard cells

Question 24

Phloem

Answer 24

A plant tissue that carries sugar from the leaves down to the rest of the plant.

Question 26

What type of membrane is required for osmosis?

Answer 26

A partially permeable membrane.

Question 27

Capillaries

Answer 27

One cell thick walls for diffusion Carries blood through the organs

Question 28

Name the 4 chambers in the heart

Answer 28

Two atria (upper chambers), two ventricles (lower chambers)

Question 29

What blood vessel does the left ventricle deliver blood to?

Answer 29

The Aorta

Question 30

What do sports drinks contain?

Answer 30

Glucose and ions.

Question 31

What is the intestine lined with?

Answer 31

Villi.

Question 32

What is a double circulation system.

Answer 32

A system that pumps the blood twice in a cycle, normally once to the lungs and then once to the body. It is used in large animals like humans.