Chapters 3-4 Flashcards
This British king expanded power into Asia and America
King Charles II
What Portuguese princess did this king marry
Catherine of Braganza
In this marraige, what land did he aquire
islands of Bombay (Mumbai)
In 1663, where did he send 8 noblemen to set up new outposts in America
the Carolinas
Where was Carolina long claimed by and who populated the area
spain…..indians
colonies given out by Charles II to propiters
Restoration Colonies
Who controlled VA in the 1660s
royal
Who controlled Maryland in 1660s
lord propiteer
Restoration colonies
Carolina, New York, New Jersey, and PA
who were the proprietorors
Carolina and NJ grantees, William Penn, and Duke of York
How were propiteers allowed to rule
rule them as they wise, as long as their laws were broadly like Englands
How did James II rule NY
no elected ass. ruled by decree
What did the propiteers of Carolina envision
a traditional European society
legally established Church of England and manorial system in North Carolina, goverend by nobles
Fundamental Constitutions of carolina (1669)
Did the manorial system work
no
Who were the first settlers to North Carolina
poor families and runaway servants from VA and England
an equality minded sect that saw no difference between a gentleman and laborer
quakers
quakers were also know as
society of friends
refusing to work on large manors, Carolinan settlers raised
corn, hogs, and tobbacco on modest family farms
What did the Carolinan settlers rebel against in 1677
taxes on tobaaco and taxes for the Anglican church
what forced the propiteers to lose hope on a feudal society
stuborn independence
Where did settlers to SC come from
barbados
What did SC farmers use to help them on their farms, like what they did in barbados
NA and Af slaves
What did SC farmers plant/raise and where did they export it to
cattle/crops/west indies
Carolinan merchants offered a trade in what
deer skins/NA slaves
1700 - SC farmers hit upon ___ _______
rice cultivation
What created good rice conditions
swampy
Due to the big amount of slaves in the Carolinas, what happened to the population?
It grew
How much did blacks outnumber whites
2/3s of pop
William Penn’s purpose
to create a neo-European settlement
Why did Charles II give William Penn the land
to repay debt he owed to his father
Where did Penn own estates
Ireland and England
Penn was a
quaker
Quakers condemed
extravagence
Why were quakers persecuted
did not want to serve in mil/did not want to pay taxes to Church of England
Like Puritans, Quakers
sought to restore christianity to spirituality
Unlike Calvinists, they thought salvations was not for
a small elect
Quakers followed
George Fox and margret Fell
Fox and Fell claimed everybody had
an inner light
How many women served as quaker ministers in the colonies
350
How were PA relations with the Indians
Penn wanted colonists to sit down lovingly with the Indians; bought land from them rather than stole it
what sects of Indians did Penn sit down with
Deleware and Susquahanna (Irquois Confed)
Penn’s Frame of Gov
applied radical quaker beliefs to gov. provented legally established church, promoting political equality by allowing all property owning men to vote/hold office
who mostly came to Pennslyvania
yeoman families
Where did Penn publish pamflits to that advertised cheao land and religious tolerance
Germany
Where were the migrants from that founded Germantown, outside of Philly
saxtony
what made pennslyvania the most open and democratic of the restoration colonies
ethnic diversity, pacifism, and freedom of conscience
Why did England want agricultural goods to be sent to English ports
to gain economic benefits
What acts required that goods be carried on ships owned by English
Navigation act of 1651
What modifcations were made to the Navagation acts
Colonies could only import Euro goods from English ports and they could only ship sugar and tobacco only to England
How many crew members had to be English
3/4
imposed a plantation duty on American exports of tobacco and sugar
Revenue Act of 1673
Did the Navigations Acts help
Not really, imported sugar and molesses from French West Indies and continued to trade with Dutch
What did King James want
stricter control over the colonies and targeted NE for his reforms
When Lords of Trade revoked Charters of Connecicut, and Rhode Island and merged them with MA Bay and Plymouth, they created
Dominion of New England
Who did James II apoint gov of Dom of NE
Sir Edmund Andros
Sir Edmund Andros was a
hard-edged former military officer
What colonies were later added to the Dominion
NY and NJ
Andros banned
town meetings
What things did James II do to piss of England
ignore parliament, revoke charters of English towns, and practice Catholicism
What party opposed James
Whig
who took James’s place
Dutch prince William of Orange
What did Decleration of Rights suport
more power for house of commons
what did whigs want
political power, levy taxes, reside in hands of gentry, merchants, and other property owners
John Loke said people need to have
life, liberty, and property
What happended to Andros
2,000 milita men seized him and shipped him back to England
What happened to Dom of NE
broke up, turned into new royal colony
What did this new royal colony do
allow king to appoint gov/officials, gave vote to all property owning men, and eliminate restrictions of church of england
What did a rebellion in Maryland do
ousted catholic gov
When and why did the proprietorship of Maryland get handed back to Calvert family
1715, fourth lord of Baltimore converted to Anglicanism
Who led a rebellion against Dom of NE in New York
Jacob Liesler
What happened to Jacob
When Henry Sloughter was appointed gov of New York, Liesler was indicted, hung, and decapitated
William and Mary ruled as
consitutional monarchs
promoted empire. based on commerce
consitutional monarchs
oversea colonial affairs
board of trade
Why did William want England
for resources in Euro wars
What began the 2nd hundred years wars
War of the Leauge of Augsburg
What ended 2nd hundred years war
defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo
How did this fighting benefit America
brough money to area
covenatn chain
A series of alliances and treaties developed during the seventeenth century, primarily between the Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee) and the British colonies of North America, with other Indian tribes added. Became a model for relations between the British Empire and other Native American peoples.
South Alantic System
Britain’s new commercial focus on growth of production of Sugar,tobacco, rice and other tropical and subtropical products for the international market. Based on plantation societies that were run by European planter-merchants and worked by hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans.
the magnum opus of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith.
Wealth of Nations
were parts of African life forever
Warfare and slaving
Where was enslaving a way of life in Africa
Dahomey
Middle Passage
Enslaved Africans were forced into over-packed ships to go across Atlantic. Lots of them died on this terrible journey.
Stono rebellion
- The largest slave uprising in mainland colonies. South Carolina. Illustrated impossibility of success for slaves. Catholic governor of Spanish Florida instigated revolt by promising freedom to fugitive slave. It ultimately failed and South Carolinians cut slave imports and tightened plantation discipline.
What did MA, NC, NJ, and PA do when the kings said they must give a royal gov. a permanate sal
ignored him
Who were members of colonial asses
elite
salutory neglect
The allowance of American self-government as royal bureaucrats as long as trade was growing and import duties were being paid. from Robert Walpole
patronage
Practice of giving offices and salaries to political allies allowed Walpole to gain power for his party who forced higher taxes for the colonists. In response Americans saw this as a loss of legitimacy for the English government and colonists would start strengthening powers of the representative assemblies laying the foundation for the American independent movement.
land banks
Lent paper money to farmers who pledged their land as collateral for the loans. Farmers used the currency to buy tools or livestock or to pay creditors, thereby stimulating trade. Colonial governments tried to do the same by printing paper currency as well but this just devalued all the currency so 1751 parliament passed Currency Act which barred New England colonies for making new land banks and prohibited use of publicly issued paper money to pay private debts.
tenancy
The rental of property. To attract tenants in New York’s Hudson River Valley, Dutch and English manorial lords granted long tenancy leases, with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns, for example - to the next tenant.
Household mode of production
The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
redemtionor
A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century. Unlike other indentured servants, redemptioners did not sign a contract before leaving Europe. Instead, they found employers after arriving in America.
squatter
Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent. Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale, requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began
How did middle colonies enforce good behavior
self-disipline
Who came to middle colonies
scots/irish/germans
Germans ______ and ______ tried to form a general confederacy with scot/irish _______
lutherens/baptists/presbratarians
enlightenment
An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world
Pietism
A Christian revival movement characterized by Bible study, the conversion experience, and the individual’s personal relationship with God. It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
John Locke wrote
Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Two Treatises of Government
natural rights
life, liberty, and property
Cotton Mather
prayed to god during outbreak, unsucessful, slave told him to look into science
Things ben Franklyn made
PA gazette, Poor Richards alminac
Ben Franklyn was a
diest
diesim
The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
John Peter Zenger
was a German American printer and journalist in New York City. Zenger printed The New York Weekly Journal. He was accused of libel in 1734 by William Cosby, the royal governor of New York, but the jury acquitted Zenger, who became a symbol for freedom of the press.
Jonathan Edwards
Jonathan Edwards, a minister in Northampton, Massachusetts, encouraged a revival there that spread to towns throughout the Connecticut River Valley. Edwards guided and observed the process and then published an account entitled A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God, printed first in London (1737), then in Boston (1738), and then in German and Dutch translations. Its publication history highlights the transatlantic network of correspondents that gave Pietism much of its vitality. English minister George Whitefield transformed the local revivals of Edwards and the Tennents into a Great Awakening.
George Whitefield
English minister George Whitefield transformed the local revivals of Edwards and the Tennents into a Great Awakening. After Whitefield had his personal awakening upon reading the German Pietists, he became a follower of John Wesley, the founder of English Methodism. In 1739, Whitefield carried Wesley’s fervent message to America, where he attracted huge crowds from Georgia to Massachusetts
Old Lights
Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers; they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life
New LIghts
Evangelical preachers, many of them influenced by John Wesley, the founder of English Methodism, and George Whitefield, the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain’s American colonies. They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
Albany Congress
1754 meeting of representatives of seven colonies to coordinate their efforts against French and Native American threats in the Western frontier regions.
french and indian war
conflict in Ohio Valley, French claimed. Natives driven out by Brit allied iriquois confederacy, Delewares and Shawnees were kicked out. Washington led army to investigate, found out Ohio River Valley Indians were allied with French. Tanaghrisson killed a French man at the attack to make sure there would be a war. Washington’s party later defeated by bigger French party
Iriqouis Confederacy was unhappy because
Everybody was acting in Ohio valley without their consent and more people were moving on their land
William Pitt
During the Seven Years War, he knew that losing to the French was not an option and opted that Britain should go into debt before losing to the French
Fort Duquesne
was a fort established by the French in 1754, at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. It was later taken over by the English, and later Americans, and developed as Pittsburgh in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
Battle of Quebec
On September 13, 1759, the British under General James Wolfe (1727-59) achieved a dramatic victory when they scaled the cliffs over the city of Quebec to defeat French forces under Louis-Joseph de Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham (an area named for the farmer who owned the land)
Potanic
Led Rebellion in Detroit, inspired by the words of Neolin, another Native leader. his rebellion sparked the uprisings across the Great lakes and Ohio Country
Treaty of Paris
The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years War in Europe and the parallel French and Indian War in North America. Under the treaty, Britain won all of Canada and almost all of the modern United States east of the Mississippi
Paxton Boys
A mob of Pennsylvania Scots-Irish Immigrants who led a revolt to protest colonial policies towards Native Americans
regulators
Landowning protesters who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts, fairer taxation, and greater representation in the assembly
consumer revolution
time period during which the desire for exotic imports increased dramatically due to economic expansion and population growth
