Chapters 22-24 Flashcards
1
Q
- The three main layers of Earth’s interior are the (22.1)
A
crust, mantle, and core.
2
Q
- What changes are involved when mud from a lake bottom turns into a sedimentary rock and then into a metamorphic rock? (22.3)
A
compaction and cementation, and the heat and pressure
3
Q
- The hypothesis that the continents move slowly over Earth’s surface and once were joined into one supercontinent is called (22.4)
A
continental drift.
4
Q
- A subducting oceanic plate (22.4)
A
sinks into the mantle, forming a trench.
5
Q
- Plates slide past each other, and crust is neither created nor destroyed, at a (22.4)
A
transform boundary.
6
Q
- What is the name of the location within Earth where an earthquake begins? (22.5)
A
focus
7
Q
- P waves (22.5)
A
cause Earth to vibrate in the direction of the wave’s motion.
8
Q
- What determines whether a volcano erupts quietly or explosively? (22.6)
A
the characteristics of the magma
9
Q
- Composite volcanoes are produced by (22.6)
A
explosive eruptions of lava and ash.
10
Q
- The largest type of intrusive igneous feature is a (22.6)
A
batholith.
11
Q
- Which of the following is NOT an agent of chemical weathering? (23.2)
A
frost wedging
12
Q
- A permeable layer of rock that is saturated with water is called a(an) (23.1)
A
aquifer
12
Q
- Groundwater forms caves and sinkholes by the process of (23.3)
A
chemical weathering.
13
Q
- Tilted telephone poles and fences curving in a downward direction on a hillside are evidence of? (23.2)
A
creep
14
Q
- A rock that allows water to flow through it is said to be (23.1)
A
premeable
15
Q
46: The main agent of chemical weathering is_______________. (23.2)
A
water
16
Q
- Deposits of windblown dust are called_______________. (23.4)
A
loess
17
Q
- Geologists could use which of the following to compare the age of sedimentary rock layers in Bryce Canyon with sedimentary rock layers in the Grand Canyon? (23.6)
A
radioactive isotopes index fossils relative dating (all of the above)
18
Q
- Deposits of windblown dust are called_______________. (23.4)
A
loess
19
Q
- Which of the following factors affect a region’s temperature? (24.7)
A
A. latitude and altitude B. distance from large bodies of water C. ocean currents
20
Q
The structure that remains when the softer rock around a hardened pipe of a volcano erodes away is called a 22.6
A
Volcanic neck
21
Q
The mineral pyrite has a metallic 22.2
A
Luster
22
Q
- An example of a long-term climate change that occurs naturally is (24.7)
A
an ice age.
23
Q
- Day and night are caused by Earth’s (24.2)
A
rotation
24
27. Which region usually has temperatures cooler than temperatures near the equator? (24.2)
polar zone and temperate zone
25
14. A stream's ability to erode depends mainly on (23.3)
its speed
26
64. Air spirals in toward the center of a cyclone but flows away from the center of a(an)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. (24.5)
anticyclone
27
15. Meanders, V-shaped valleys, and oxbow lakes are all features formed by (23.3)
surface water erosion
27
65. A major type of storm associated with lightning, strong winds, and heavy rain or hail is called a(an)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. (24.5)
thunderstorm
28
24.Most weather takes place in the (24.1）
troposphere
30
17. A mound of sediment formed at the downhill end of a glacier and along its sides is called 23.4
A moraine
31
25.The ozone layer is located in the （24.1）
upper stratosphere
32
45. _____ is the process by which rocks are chemically altered or physically broken down into fragments at or near Earth's surface (23.2)
Weathering
33
22. The Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods are divisions of (22.6)
the Mesozoic Era.
34
23. When did the first land plants and animals appear in the fossil record? (23.6)
in the Paleozoic Era
35
62. Wind is air blowing from an area of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_pressure to an area of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pressure. (24.3)
high, low
36
66. What are three common features of fast-moving streams in mountainous areas? (23.3)
waterfalls, rapids, and V-shaped valleys
37
63. The three basic cloud forms are\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,and\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (24.4)
stratus, cumulus, cirrus
38
59. On the two days each year when the sun is directly overhead at noon at latitude 23.5\* north to 66.5\* north and from 23.5\* south, a(an)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_occurs. (24.2)
solstice
39
60. The\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_zones are located from 23.5\* north to 66.5\* north and from 23.5\* south to 66.5\* south. (24.2)
temperate
40
58. The season are caused by the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_of Earth's\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_as Earth moves around the sun. (24.2)
tilt, axis
41
30. Low, flat layers of clouds that often cover much of the sky and produce steady and widespread rain are
nimbostratus clouds
42
50. When a stream flows out of a mountain range onto a flat area of and, it deposits sediments in a(an)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. (23.3)
alluvial fan
43
31. Round, solid pieces of ice that are more than 5 millimeters in diameter fall as
hail
44
70. What are three factors that affect a region's pattern of precipitation? (24.7)
Latitude, the distribution of air pressure systems and global winds, and the existence of a mountain barrier.
45
52.(23.1)The top of the region where pore spaces in rock and soil are filled with groundwater is referred to as the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
permeable
46
53.(23.2)Ann area where there are large variations between high and low temperatures during a 24-hour period should have higher rates of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_weathering
mechanical
47
24.1 Plants need\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_from the air for photosynthesis, and many animals need\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_from the air to breathe.
carbon dioxide and oxygen
48
24.1 Of the four layers of the atmosphere, the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_has the hottest temperatures.
thermosphere
50
51. Life on earth first occurred in\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_time. (23.6)
Precambrian
51
32. What type of front forms when two unlike air masses form a boundary, but neither is moving?
Occluded
52
33. Which of the following is a weather system with a center of low pressure?
Cyclone
53
40. What climate change is affected by human activity? 24.7
Global Warming
54
41. Faults and folds are caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_. This is a force that squeezes rocks together, pulls them apart, or pushes them in different directions. 22.5
stress
55
34. Which of the following is a characteristic of an anticyclone? (24.5)
-has a center of high pressure -has clockwise winds in the Northern Hemisphere -is generally associated with clear weather
56
35. A small, intense storm formed when a vertical cylinder of rotating air develops is a (24.5)
tornado
57
68. List the four layers of the atmosphere, starting with the layer closest to Earth. (24.1)
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere
58
69. What is the name of each type of front represented by the symbols in Figure 24-1?
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Front 1- (Cold Front) Front 2- (Warm Front) Front 3- (Occluded Front) Front 4- (Stationary Front)
59
18. deep currents in the ocean are caused by
density differences of ocean water
60
19. what type of ocean current brings cold water from the deep ocean to the surface?
upwelling
