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Anatomy 2023 > chapters 2,4,5,6 > Flashcards

chapters 2,4,5,6 Flashcards

1
Q

Planes of the body

A

Transverse plane
Midsagittal / sagittal plane
coronal plane
Oblique

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2
Q

Front and back

A

Anterior and posterior

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3
Q

Up and down

A

Superior and inferior

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4
Q

Toward midline and away from midline

A

Medial and lateral

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5
Q

Close and away from trunk

A

Proximal and Distal

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6
Q

Layer of peritoneum that lines inside abdomen and pelvis

A

parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

which layer of peritoneum covers organs inside

A

Visceral peritoneum

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8
Q

Space between Visceral and parietal is called

A

Peritoneum space

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9
Q

6 Characteristics of Epithelial tissue
(Hi I Called Pablo And Adrian)

A

High regeneration capacity
Innervated
Cellularity
Polarity
Avascular
Attachment to basement membrane

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10
Q

Prevents molecules from traveling between epithelial cells

A

Tight junction

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11
Q

microfilaments around the tight junction and deep to the cell

A

Adhering junction

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12
Q

protein plaque

A

Desmosomes

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13
Q

channel that allows communication between cells

A

Gap junction

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14
Q

What is a Basement membrane

A

thin layer of extracellular matrix that lines most human tissue forming and supporting structure

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15
Q

Extracellular proteins and polysaccharides that are secreted locally

A

extracellular matrix

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16
Q

proteins and carbohydrates

A

Ground substance

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17
Q

diffusion
rapid exchange
located in air sacs of lungs

A

simple squamous

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18
Q

absorption and secretion
located in kidney tubules

A

simple cuboidal

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19
Q

absorption and secretion
located in the lining of intestines

A

nonciliated simple columnar

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20
Q

movement of material
located in uterine tube

A

ciliated simple columnar

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21
Q

protection
located in respiratory tract lining

A

pseudostratified columnar

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22
Q

protection
located in the dermis

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

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23
Q

protection
located in mouth and vagina

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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24
Q

protection and secretion
located in the sweat gland duct

A

stratified cuboidal

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25
Q

protection and secretion located in the male part urethra

A

stratified columnar

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26
Q

distend or recoil
lining of the bladder

A

Transitional

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27
Q

Epithelial cells become polarized along the apical-basal side

28
Q

surrounds and protects
located in papillary layer & subcutaneous
has fibroblasts

A

Areolar connective tissue

29
Q

covers some organs
stores energy, insulates
located in subcutaneous fat
has adipocytes

A

Adipose connective tissue

30
Q

provides supportive framework
located in dermis
has fibroblast, WBC, reticular fibers

A

Reticular connective tissue

31
Q

Resists stress in 1 direction
Located in tendons
has fibroblasts

A

Dense regular connective tissue

32
Q

Resists stress in all directions
located in the dermis
has fibroblasts

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

33
Q

allows stretching
located in the elastic arteries
has fibroblasts

A

Elastic connective tissue

34
Q

Top layer of the epidermis
which proteins does it have inside

A

STRATUM CORNEUM
dead keratinocytes

35
Q

After stratum corneum comes
what proteins are inside

A

STRATUM LUCIDUM
packed with eleidin

36
Q

What comes below stratum lucidum
what proteins are inside

A

STRATUM GRANULOSUM
keratinocytes

37
Q

What is below stratum granulosum
what proteins

A

STRATUM SPINOSUM
epidermal dendric cells

38
Q

Lowest layer of epidermis

A

STRATUM BASALE
keratin, keratinocytes, and tactile cells

39
Q

what 3 things color skin

A

Melanocytes, Hemoglobin, and Carotene

40
Q

What are the 3 functions of the skin

A

Protection
Regulates Temp
Hold water

41
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis

A

Papillary layers
Reticular layers

42
Q

small projection of tissue at the base of a hair

43
Q

deeper layer

A

reticular layer

44
Q

Why do we need a reticular layer

A

it strengths the skin

45
Q

Why do we need papillary layer

A

to regulate temperature

46
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

47
Q

Glassy matrix; chondrocytes in
lacunae
Smooths joint surfaces

A

Hyaline cartilage

48
Q

Parallel collagen fibers in
matrix; chondrocytes in
lacunae
Absorbs shock
located in interverbal disk

A

Fibrocartilage

49
Q

Contains many elastic
fibers and less collagen
fibers.
Found in the outer ear
and epiglottis.

A

Elastic cartilage

50
Q

Growing taller

A

Interstitial growth

51
Q

Growing wider

A

Appositional growth

52
Q

What does osteoclasts do

A

dissolve bone matrix

53
Q

What does osteoblast do

A

BUILDDD
form bone matrix

54
Q

Compact bone

A

solid and relatively dense
external surface of long and flat bone

55
Q

Spongy bone

A

internal surface of bone
open lattice of narrow plates called trabeculae

56
Q

3 Sections of long bone

A

Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis

57
Q

Covers internal surface of bone
Active in bone remodeling, growth, and fracture repair

58
Q

Covers external surfaces of bones
Dense irregular connective tissue
Active in remodeling, growth, fracture repair

A

Periosteum

59
Q

2 kinds of transport

A

Passive transport
Active Transport

60
Q

Does not require cellular energy
materials move down concentration gradient
Diffusion & Facilitated diffusion

61
Q

Requires energy
Materials are moved against their concentration
gradients or in large quantities
Pumping and bulk transport

62
Q

Exocytosis
Endocytosis

A

Going outside
Going inside

63
Q

What does water osmosis apply to

A

Water moves to the highest solute

64
Q

What can’t cross what can cross

A

Size of molecule and charge of molecule

65
Q

How is protein made

A

DNA —-> RNA —-> mRNA

66
Q

Transmembrane proteins

A

Transporter
Channel
Receptors
Pumps
Gap junction
Tight junction

67
Q

What vitamin helps build collagen

A

VITAMIN C!!!!

Anatomy 2023 (9 decks)

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