Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Chapters 1_2 Slides > Flashcards

Chapters 1_2 Slides Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Psyche

A

Mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Logos

A

Knowledge or study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Psychology definition

A

Scientific study of behavior (overt) and mental processed (covert)
Behavior can be directly observed
Mental processes cannot be directly observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four goals of psychology

A

Describing behavior
Understanding behavior - causes
Predicting behavior
Controlling behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pseudo

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pseudopsychilogies

A

Any unfounded “system” that resembles psychology and is NOT based on scientific testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Phrenology

A

Personality traits revealed by the shape of the skull and bumps on your head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Palmistry

A

Lines on your hands (palms) predict future and reveal personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Graphology

A

Personality revealed by your handwriting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Astrology

A

The positions of the stars and planets at birth determine your personality and affect your behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Four examples of pseudopsychologies

A

Phrenology
Palmistry
Graphology
Astrology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Barnum effect

A

The tendency to accept certain information as true, even when the information is so vague as to be worthless (ex. Horoscopes)
Tendency to consider personal descriptions accurate if stated in general terms, always have a little something for everyone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Confirmation bias

A

When we remember or notice things that confirm our expectations and forget the rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Uncritical acceptance

A

Tendency to believe positive or unflattering descriptions of yourself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The scientific method (6 basic elements)

A
  1. Making observations
  2. Defining a problem
  3. Proposing a hypothesis
  4. Gathering evidence/testing the hypothesis
  5. Building a theory
  6. Publishing results
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Operational definitions

A

A definition on how we decide to measure our variables

Usually hundreds of ways to measure a variable

17
Q

Wilhelm Wundt (1879)

A

Set up first lab to study conscious experience in Germany
Systematically observed and measured various stimuli…he studied how sensations, images, and feelings combine to make up personal experience
Introspection: looking inward (examining and reporting your thoughts feelings etc)

18
Q

Edward Titchener

A

Wundt’s ideas brought to the US by Titchener and renamed Structuralism
School of thought concerned with analyzing the structure of mental life (sensations and personal experience) into basic elements or building blocks

19
Q

William James (1890)

A

Wrote “Principles of Psychology”
Broadened psychology to include animal behavior, religious experience, abnormal behavior
Functionalism: how the mind functions to adapt us to our environment
Functionalists admired Darwin and his theory of natural selection, animals keep features through evolution that help them adapt to environments

20
Q

John B. Watson

A

Studied relationship between stimuli and responses
Anyone can be anything
Little Albert

21
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

Studied animals almost exclusively
Believed actions controlled by rewards and punishments
Skinner Box

22
Q

Psychoanalytic psychology

A

Behavior is influenced by unconscious wishes, thoughts, and desires, esp. sex and aggression
Early childhood experiences affect adult personality
Created by Freud

23
Q

Repression

A

When memories, thoughts, or impulses are unconsciously held out of awareness
“Freudian slips”
Freud believed that all thoughts, emotions, and actions are determined

24
Q

Freudian slips

A

Repression

25
Q

Humanism

A

Goal: to study unique aspects of the person
Focus: human experience, problems, ideals, and potentials
Free will (contrast with Freud and skinner)
Each person has innate goodness and is able to make free choices
Key names: carl rogers, Maslow

26
Q

Four non experimental research methods

A

Naturalistic observation
Correlational method
Clinical method
Survey method

27
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Observing a person or an animal in the natural environmental context
Provides descriptions of behavior
Observer bias
Observer effect (Hawthorne effect)

28
Q

Correlational studies

A

Determining the degree of a relationship between two events, measures, or variables

29
Q

The clinical method

A

Case study

Natural clinical tests: natural events, such as accidents, that provide psychological data

30
Q

6 neurotransmitter examples

A 
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
GABA
Glutamate
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
31
Q

4 excitatory neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Glutamate
Norepinephrine

32
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters (2)

A

GABA

Seratonin

Psychology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions