Chapters 19-24 19-20 centuries Flashcards by Marguerite Haddad

Romanticism in music

melody: brief motives, song-like (more phrAasing)
Scoring: larger instrumentation (especially percussion)
Dynamics: greater range (and notated, among other notations for vibes)
Harmonics - CHROMATICISM, modulation to distant keys other than I-V
Form - variances seen within conventional forms (cyclically unifying structure, idee fixe)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dance based music

Polonaise, waltz, mazurka

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

piano character pieces

nocturnes (thoughts of evening), songs without words (thoughts of person/character, thought, emotion), romances

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Orchestral music in romanticism

Programatic (evocative, will make you feel things without words)
Overtures. overloading on harmony/instrumentaiton

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Wagner

Leit motif (idee fixe but less). one associated with each character.
Chromaticism and tristan chord.
Gesamtkunstwerk (complete work of visual and musical art) lowers stage, dims lights, adds props to opera
Very nationalistic. too nationalistic.
Librettist. he thought this was great

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Wagner era composers/new german school

Liked Wagner:
Verdi
Lizst
Wolf
Disliked Wagner:
Brahms
Berlios
Bruckner

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Performance in 19th century

Musicians went on tour (trains made this possible)
Virtuosos (played inhumanely well)
Performances in Salons (exclusive, sophisticated, academy-like, invite-only)
Parlors/drawing rooms - amateurs only

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2nd School of Vienna

Schoenberg
Webern / Berg, students of Shoenberg
Music of the future (first school was Haydn Mozart and Beethoven)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Desublimators

Music is no longer sublime/deep
Satie; Ives & Milhaud made collage music

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Primativism

Uncivilized, raw emotion
Stravinski, Anthel, Bartok

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tonal Serialism

Systematization of rhythm dynamics, articulation.
Liberates piece from human habit of resolution.
12tone system
Mode de Valeurs - Olivier Messiaen
Babbitt
Ruckus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Georges Anthel

New german school leader
Writer of Ballet Mechanique
American pianist
Music in the style of Rite of Spring (primative)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chance music

Performace is up to performer. Time, emotion, inspiration are given.
John Cage’s One
Morton Feldman’s Projection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neo-Classicism

Sticking to older traditions rather than branching into abstraction
Stravinski, Prokofiev
Shostakovich’s String Quartet no 8 - questions social/soviet realism. piece that commemorates/resembles him

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Verdi

Late 19th century - symphony
Rigoletto (opera) - 1851
Italian nationalist - political

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Wolf

Late 19th century - romantic
No folk base, contrary to current trends
New german school
atonal-esque, Wagner-like

Mahler

Late 19th century - romantic
Massive effects
Folk merged with high art

RK + Missorsky

Late 19th century - Romantic
Many symphonies

Stravinsky

Modernist - Early 20th century
Unconventional
Rite of Spring: ballet, primative (aggressive), breakaway from Wagner, mythical/folklore, irregular

Debussy

Emphasis on sensation
Impressionism/symbolism
No form, unmetered
Early 20th century modernist
Poetry in music
Anti-Wagner
Whole-tone, pentatonic scales

Schoenberg (first phase)

Self-proclaimed continuation of Wagner
Modernity (atonality, following Wagner)
Pierrot Lunaire

Schoenberg (second phase)

12 tone system: no pitch repeats until all 12 tones have been played. Row can be reversed, inverted, both, transposed.
Binary form (matrixes)
verklarte nacht

Beethoven first phase

“spirit of mozart” good pianist. sketchbooks where he noted on his technique

Beethoven second phase

Begins to go deaf
Eroica symphony
heroism, napoleon, french revoluton

Beethoven 3rd phase

napoleon is beaten sense of pride is taken away extreme experimentation (9th symphony, including chorus/symphony) depressed, family issues. final compositions: string quartets, experimental, intimate

Synphonie Fantastique Beliroz

Romantic (supernatural) The Witch's Sabbath (?) Programmatic symphony:(overarching narrative storyline), brief description of show for accessibility, cyclic symphony, idees fixes. Big instrumentation

Napoleon - Beethoven

First movement longer than most Delayed cadences (important: classicism is big on cadences) Bigger instrumentation

Erlkönig - Schumann

"king of the fairies" in german German Lied (solo piano-voice art song) Not pragrammatic or folksy Different registers for different characters Romantic (supernatural) themes

Mazurka - Chopin

Piano Polish dance (focus on Polish nationalism - poland was not whole, nationalism had focus on recreation of country) accent on 2nd or 3rd beat Similar to dance suite genre

Carnaval - Schumann (guy with the hand)

Programmatic piece Character piece collection Represents characters at a carnival Florestan - Schumann's impulsive extraverted side, and Eusebius - the thoughtful solitary side

Tristan / Isolde - Wagner

Tristan chord (no resolution) Chromatic Repeated motifs Leitmotivs Big instrumentation HIS OWN LIBRETTO!!!

Brahms 4th symphony

Based on passacaglia Sonata form Romantic tonality (3rds, 6ths, dissonance, sweet melody)

Mahler's 1st symphony

Cyclic (unified by common musical themes) Folksy (nationalism) 3rd movement..? Funeral march movement, canon in another

Debussy - Voiles

Pedalpoint - sustained low pitches piano piece whole tone / pentatonic Cascading figures (imagery)

Stravinsky - Rite of Spring

Primative Tonal language: somewhat atonal, polytonal (overlapping melodies that clash with one another.. some accidentals in some part and not in others) Audience was pissed about dancers being unable to follow, stravinski went to conduct them himself

Pierrot Lunaire - Schoenberg

Atonal Sprechstimme - german term. somewhere between singing and speaking.

Shostakovich - String Quartet No.8

Soviet realism (appealing to soviet leaders, lighter/happier) Not atonal Spells his name in the piece (Leitmotiv)