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Diversity Exam 1 > Chapters 18-22 > Flashcards

Chapters 18-22 Flashcards

1
Q

Purple, thick peptidoglycan

A

Gram positive

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2
Q

Red, thin peptidoglycan

A

Gram negative

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3
Q

Oxygen poisonous

A

Obligate anaerobes

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4
Q

Oxygen required

A

Obligate aerobes

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5
Q

Use either aerobic or anaerobic respiration

A

Facultative anaerobes

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6
Q

Use light to build sugars

A

Photoautotroph

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7
Q

Harvest energy from light but rely on sugars from other organisms

A

Photoheterotrophs

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8
Q

Feed on other organisms

A

Chemoheterotrophs

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9
Q

Virus where genome is also template for translation, RNA

A

Positive sense

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10
Q

Virus where genome is NOT template for translation but it’s COMPLEMENT, RNA, RNA polymerase makes complementary strand which is template upon infection

A

Negative sense

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11
Q

Virus with reverse transcriptase, RNA-DNA, wraps around genome?, RNA

A

Retrovirus

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12
Q

Virus with double stranded DNA, doesn’t need to get to nucleus of host cell

A

DNA Virus

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13
Q

Posterior flagella, animals/fungi/choanoflagellates, multicellular, no chloroplasts

A

Opisthokonts

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14
Q

Cell wall of fungi

A

Chitin

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15
Q

Fungi digestive system

A

Absorptive heterotrophy, secrete enzymes to break down food and then absorb it

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16
Q

Pseudopods for locomotion, on land or in fresh water, amoebas/slime molds, sort of multicellular (can be in colonies), no chloroplasts

A

Amoebozoans

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17
Q

long pseudopods, marine (Salt water), foraminifera (external shells of CaCO3 for limestone)/radiolaria (largest unicellular euks), unicellular, no chloroplasts

A

Rhizarians

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18
Q

Chloroplasts with 2 outer membranes, red (phycoerythrin & chlorophyll a)/green algae (chlorophyll a&b)/land plants, multicellular, chloroplasts!

A

Archaeplastids

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19
Q

unequal flagella, diatoms (single cell, aquatic, filtration)/brown algae (can be multicell, chlorophyll a & b & brown pigments), multicellular, chloroplasts!

A

Stramenophile

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20
Q

Sacs under cell membrane, ciliates (cilia body for motility, fresh water)/plasmodium (apicomplexans-malaria, nonfunctional chloroplasts)/dinoflagellates (red tides), unicellular, chloroplasts!

A

Alveolates

21
Q

No mitochondria, giardia trypanosomes (in dark), unicellular, chloroplasts!

A

Excavates

22
Q

lack tissues, cup shaped body, flagella beats water thru body

A

Sponges

23
Q

2 body layers, distinct organ system, central gastrovascular cavity (multiple jobs), aquatic-body supported by water

CNIDARIANS & CTENOPHORES

A

Diploblastic

24
Q

3 layers, DEUTEROSTOMES & PROTOSTOMES

A

Triploblastic

25
Q

molluscs/annelids/bryozoans, PROTOSTOMES, feeding structure (lophophore) & free-living larval stage (trochophore)

A

Lophotrochozoans

26
Q

arthropods/nematodes, shed exoskeleton to grow

A

Ecdysozoans

27
Q

echinoderms/hemichordates/vertebrates, mouth forms second

A

Deuterostomes

28
Q

most successful animals, crustaceans (marine & terrestrial, lobster) /hexapods (terrestrial, insects) /myriapods (millipede) /chelicerates (horseshoe crab/spiders), most complex of ecdysozoans, body supported by exoskeleton (chitin), segmented body, jointed appendages

A

arthropods

29
Q

limbs not jointed, inefficient, can survive decade after drying out, simpler ecdysozoans

A

Tardigrades

30
Q

roundworms, no limbs, no segmentation, scavengers/predators/parasites, simpler ecdysozoan

A

nematodes

31
Q

have a foot for locomotion, internal organs, gastropods (snail) /bivalves (clams)/ cephalopods (octopus), LOPHOTROCHOZOAN

A

molluscs

32
Q

lophotrochozoan, earthworms/leeches, segmented bodies

A

annelids

33
Q

lophotrochozoan, tapeworms/flukes, mostly parasites, simple bodies & lack digestive tracts

A

flatworms

34
Q

Lophotrochozoan, ciliated corona-sweeps food into mouth, some species-only females

A

rotifers

35
Q

lophotrochozoan, colonial

A

bryozoans

36
Q

deuterostomes, radially symmetric, bilateral as larvae, move & feed using tube feet (starfish)

A

echinoderms

37
Q

deuterostomes, hollow nerve cord, postanal tail (shark), notochord (flexible support), pharyngeal slit for gas exchange, lancelet/tunicates/vertebrates

A

chordates

38
Q

Segmented body plan

A

metameric

39
Q

deuterostomes, 1/2 are ray finned fish, possess jaws, can crawl on land, internal skeleton, vertebrae, bone (vs cartilage), breath air, terrestrial limbs, amniotic eggs

A

Vertabrates

40
Q

land animals, amphibians/reptiles/mammals

A

tetrapods

41
Q

moist skin, require water for eggs (no shell), wet habitats, frogs (no tail)/ salamanders/ caecilians (limbs lost)

A

amphibians

42
Q

eggs withstand drying conditions, complex structures with regions for protecting embryo/ gas & waste exchange etc

A

amniotic eggs

43
Q

reptiles & mammals, has eggs

A

amniotes

44
Q

amniotic egg provides “private pond”, scales (keratin vs bone like fish), epidermis more durable and water retentive, turtles/tuataras (not lizard)/squamates (snakes & lizards)/crocodilians/dinosaurs & birds

A

reptiles

45
Q

Mammary glands, sweat glands, 4 chambered heart (vs 3), hair, teeth vary!, prototherians (lay eggs, platypus)/ marsupials (newborns to pouch, kangaroo & opossum)/ eutherians (more developed at birth, 20 major groups)

A

Mammals

46
Q

produces cells that undergo meiosis in flowers, products=spores

A

sporophyte

47
Q

produces gametes by mitosis

A

gametophyte

48
Q

dominant gametophyte, small & live in moist env, mosses/liverworts/hornworts

A

nonvascular plants

49
Q

dominant sporophyte, true roots, stem branches at tip (dichotomous), reproduce by spores, tracheids-conduct water over long distances & primitive cell

A

vascular plants

Diversity Exam 1 (2 decks)

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