Chapters 18 & 19

Question 0

Electrophile

Answer 0

Needs more electrons

Question 1

Nucleophile

Answer 1

More willing to give up electrons

Question 2

Electrophiles are usually
A. Acids
B. Bases

Answer 2

A. Acids

Question 3

Nucleophiles usually are
A. Acids
B. Bases

Answer 3

B. Bases

Question 4

Curved arrows show the movement of electrons ALWAYS from the _____ to the _____

Answer 4

Nucleophile; Electrophile

Question 5

The Nucleophile is the _____.

Answer 5

Base

Question 6

The Electrophile is the _____.

Answer 6

Acid

Question 7

The α (alpha) carbon is where?

Answer 7

The α carbon is the first carbon from the carbonyl group.

Question 8

Carbonyl

Answer 8

C=O group

Question 9

Carbonyl groups are weak _____.

Answer 9

Nucleophiles

Question 10

Ketone Structure

Answer 10

R-(C=O)-R’

Question 11

Carboxylic Acid Structure

Answer 11

R-(C=O)-OH

Question 12

Ester Structure

Answer 12

R-(C=O)-O-R’

Question 13

Aldehyde Structure

Answer 13

R-(C=O)-H

Question 14

Acid Chloride Structure

Answer 14

R-(C=O)-Cl

Question 15

Amide Structure

Answer 15

R-(C=O)-NH2

Question 16

In a compound with two R groups, what does the R group stand for?

Answer 16

The R group is the same compound.

Question 17

R’ is what?

Answer 17

R’ can either be the same, or a different compound.

Question 18

In a compound with a ketone and an -OH group, what do you name as the substituent?

Answer 18

Name the -OH group as a hydroxy.

Question 19

(C=O)-H attached to a benzene is called what?

Answer 19

Benzaldehyde

Question 20

(C=O)-H not attached to a benzene, but is attached to a ring is called what?

Answer 20

Carbaldehyde

Question 21

Aldehyde priority is _____ than ketone.

Answer 21

Higher

Question 22

C=O as a substituent is called

Answer 22

Oxo

Question 23

Ketones as a substituent are called

Answer 23

Oxo

Question 24

Aldehydes as a substituent are called

Answer 24

Formyl

Question 25

CHO groups as a substituent are called

Answer 25

Formyl

Question 26

Common names for ketones use _____ instead of 1,2,3,4 etc.

Answer 26

α (alpha), β (beta), δ (delta), γ (gamma)

Question 27

What’s the common name for a 1 carbon aldehyde?

Answer 27

Formaldehyde

Question 28

What’s the common name for a 2 carbon aldehyde?

Answer 28

Acetaldehyde

Question 29

What’s the common name for a 3 carbon aldehyde?

Answer 29

Propionaldehyde

Question 30

What’s the common name for a 4 carbon aldehyde?

Answer 30

Butyraldehyde

Question 31

Carbonyl groups make the compound
A. More polar
B. Less polar
C. Stay the same

Answer 31

A. More polar