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Anatomy and Phys. LECTURE > Chapters 12/13 (Test 1) > Flashcards

Chapters 12/13 (Test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

1._________ neurons are specialized to detect stimuli, whereas 2.________ neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system

A
  1. Afferent/Sensory
  2. Efferent/Motor
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2
Q
A
  1. Dendrite
  2. Cell Body/Soma
  3. Axon
  4. Schwann Cell
  5. Node of Ranier
  6. Axon Terminal
  7. Myelin Sheath
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3
Q

What is the order of a Somatic Reflex?

A

Somatic Receptor, Afferent Nerve Fiber, Interneuron/Association Neuron, Efferent Nerve Fiber, Skeletal Muscle

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4
Q

What is the order of an Autonomic Reflex?

A

Autonomic Receptor (in autonomic organs), Afferent Nerve Fiber, Interneuron/Association Neuron, Smooth Muscle/Cardiac Muscle/Glands/Adipose Tissue

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5
Q

What is the order of an Enteric Reflex?

A

Enteric Receptor (in Digestive Organs), Afferent Nerve Fiber, Interneuron/Association Neuron, Stimulate smooth muscle movements and secretary activities of digestive organs

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6
Q

What are the 3 Spinal Cord functions?

A
  1. Process reflexes
  2. Integrate inhibitory and excitatory nerve impulses
  3. Provide a highway for carrying sensory nerve impulses to the brain and motor impulses from the brain to the spinal cord
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7
Q

What are the general functions of Spinal Nerves?

A

To connect the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands.

(contain sensory and motor neurons)

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8
Q

Glial Cells comprise over _____% of all neural cells

A

90%

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9
Q

What are the Spinal Cord Nerve Plexuses and the amount of nerves in each?

A

Cervical Plexus 8 Pairs

Thoracic Plexus 12 Pairs

Lumbar Plexus 5 Pairs

Saccral Plexus 5 Pairs

Coccygeal Plexus 1 Pair

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10
Q

What is one specific region of the body innervated by the Cervical Nerve Plexus?

A

Neck and Phrenic Nerve to Diaphragm

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11
Q

What is one specific region of the body innervated by the Thoracic Nerve Plexus?

A

Chest and Upper Back

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12
Q

What is one specific region of the body innervated by the Saccral Nerve Plexus?

A

Lower Trunk and Lower Limbs

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13
Q

What is one specific region of the body innervated by the Lumbar Nerve Plexus?

A

Abdominal Wall, Anterior Thigh, Genitalia

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14
Q

What is one specific region of the body innervated by the Coccygeal Nerve Plexus?

A

Tailbone

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15
Q

What type of Neuron is this?

A

Multipolar Neuron

One axon, multiple dendrites

Comprise most neurons in Brain and Spinal Cord

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16
Q

What kind of neuron is this?

A

Bipolar Neuron

One axon, One dendrite

specialized sensory neurons

olfactory cells of nasal cavity, neurons of the retina, sensory neurons of inner ear

17
Q

What kind of Neuron is this?

A

Unipolar Neuron

“T Branch”

Sensory from skin and organs to spinal cord

18
Q

What kind of Neuron is this?

A

Anaxonic Neuron

No axon, multiple dendrites

brain, retina, adrenal medulla

Help in visual processes

19
Q

What are the 4 main functions of Spinal Nerves?

A

Conduction- Conduct nerve impulses up and down spinal cord

Neural Integration- Input from multiple sources, integrated, executed output

Locomotion- repetive, coordinated contractions of muscle groups in limbs

Reflexes- involuntary stereotyped responses to stimuli

20
Q

What are Meninges and what are the 3 levels?

A

Fibrous connective tissue membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord.

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

Pia Mater

21
Q

What is Grey Matter?

A

Neuron cell bodies with little myelin

-site of information processing, synaptic integration

22
Q

What is White Matter?

A

Abundantly myelinated axons

carry signal from one part of CNS to another

23
Q

What are Ganglion?

A

Clusters of neurotransmitters outside of the CNS

24
Q

Ascending Spinal Tract

A

Up, Right

1st Order Neurons- transmit signal to spinal cord/brainstem

2nd Order Neurons- Thalamus and upper end of brainstem

3rd Order Neurons- Sensory region of the cerebral cortex

25
Q

Descending Spinal Tract

A

Down, Left

Upper Motor Neurons- Originate in cerebral cortex and terminate in a lower motor neuron

Lower Motor Neurons- In brainstem/spinal cord

Axon of LMN- leads rest of the way to the muscle or other target location

26
Q

What is a Nerve?

What are Mixed Nerves?

A

A cordlike organ composed of numerous nerve fibers (axons) bound together by connective tissue

Contain both Afferent (Sensory) and Efferent (Motor) fibers

27
Q

Posterior Dorsal Root Ganglion

Anterior Ventral Root Ganglion

A

PDRG- Sensory input enters spinal cord

AVRG- Motor output leaves the spinal cord

28
Q

What is Somatosensory Function?

A

Carry sensory signals from bones, joints, muscles, and skin to CNS

29
Q

What is a Dermatome

A

A specific area of the skin that receives sensory input from a pair of spinal nerves

30
Q

What are the 4 properties of Reflexes?

A
  1. Require stimulation
  2. Quick
  3. Involuntary
  4. Stereotyped
31
Q

What is the function of Proprioceptors?

A

provide info regarding the degree to which muscles are contracted, and the positions of the joints of the body.

Anatomy and Phys. LECTURE (2 decks)

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