Chapters 10 -18 Flashcards
PRN
As needed
PO
By mouth
HS
Hour of sleep
BID
Twice a day
QD
Everyday
QOD
Every other day
NPO
Nothing by mouth
ADL’s
Activity’s of daily living
Feeding, bathing, & dressing.
HOH
Hard of hearing
I & O
Intake & output
O2
Oxygen
WT
Weight
VS
Vital signs
Blood pressure, respiration, pulse, & temp.
HOB
Head of bed
QID
4 times a day
^HOB
Elevate head of bed
STAT
Right now, immediately
H2O2
Peroxide
H2O
Water
Paraplegia
Paralysis from the waist down
Quadriplegia
Paralysis from the neck down
Hemiplegia
Paralysis on one side of the body
when do you use restraints?
when a person is at risk for falling & cannot call for help
at risk of wandering away
attempting to pull out medical tubing
someone who has overdosed on alcohol or meds and is being combative
suicide attempts
when to check restraints?
must check every 15 minutes and repositioning and basic needs. it must be removed every 2 hours
complications of restraints
strangulation bruises, nerve damage, skin abrasions permanent tissue damage broken bones pneumonia, pressure ulcers, and blood clots incontinence mental effects-- humiliation, confusion
restraint alternatives
provide a safe environment
frequent attention to the person’s basic needs
explain procedures and reassure the person
get help from family members, co workers, and volunteers
use less restrictive forms of restraints– pressure sensitive alarms
use postural supports
what type of knot is used to secure restraints
quick-release knot
supine position
lying on the back
fowler’s position
head of the bed is elevated to between 45 to 60 degrees
semi-Fowler’s position
head of the bed is elevated 30 to 45 degrees
high Fowler’s position
the head of the bed is elevated 60 to 90 degrees
lateral position
lying on their side
prone position
lying on his abdomen with his head turned to one side
sim’s position
extreme side-lying position that is almost prone
using a mechanical lift
used to move people who are very heavy or unable to assist in the transfer
emergency
result of an accident or medical condition
unresponsiveness
signs of a heart attack
pain/tightness in the chest, neck, back, or arm pale or grayish skin excessive sweating trouble breathing nausea trouble breathing heart burn like pain
signs of stroke
unconscious confused/disoriented slurs in speech drooling eyelids or corners of mouth drooping sudden onset of severe headache weakness, paralysis, tingling of arm or leg or side of face change in persons vital signs, especially bp or pulse
what is syncope?
fainting
hemmorage
severe uncontrolled bleeding
shock
occurs when the organs and tissues of the body did not receive enough oxygen-receiving blood
signs of shock
low bp that continues to decrease pulse is rapid and weak skin is cool and clammy and pale confused and disoriented breathe rapidly may complain of thirst if conscious
aspiration
accidental inhalation of foreign material into the airway
what does OBRA regulate in a resident’s room?
size of the room lighting temp -- must be between 71 and 81 degrees air quality noise control types of furniture and equipment that must be present handrails, call light minimal amount of personal storage space ability to provide privacy
what is trendelenburg’s position
the foot of the mattress is raised so the head is lower than the feet
what is reverse trendelenburg’s position
head is higher than the feet
order to make the bed in
mattress pad, bottom sheet, top sheet, draw sheet, lift sheet, bed protector, blanket, bedspread, pillow case, and bath blanket
how to make an unoccupied (closed) bed
place linens on clean nearby work surface
lock wheels and place bed in good work height
lower side rails and move mattress to head of bed
place mattress pad on bed, crease centered on mattress
bottom sheet on bed, miter the corners if unfitted
place the lift sheet on the bed
place top sheet on bed
place blanket on bed
place bedspread on bed
put pillow in case
bed cradle
metal frame placed between the bottom and top sheets to keep them away from the persons feet
footboard
padded board that is placed upright at the top of the bed.
keeps the persons feet in proper alignment
medicare
federally funded by social security for people over 65
medicaid
federally funded to help low income families pay for health insurance
what are vital signs
temp, pulse, respirations, bp
how to take a rectal temperature
lock wheels, cover the electric thermometer with a probe sheath, apply lubricant onto paper towel, lub the tip of the thermometer, lower side rail on the side you are on, lower head of the bed so the bed is flat, ask person to lie in sims position facing away from you, fanfold sheets below the persons buttox, pull back clothes to expose butt, put on gloves, raise butt cheek to expose anus, carefully insert temp 1 inch for adults and 1/2 inch for children, hild in , remove, and wipe anus with tissue
how to take blood pressure
put person in sitting or lying position, position forearm level with heart and the palm of the hand facing up, use alcohol wipes to clean earpieces and stethoscope, locate brachial artery, place arrow mark over the artery, put stethoscope in your ears. pump the pressure so it is 30 mm Hg higher than the systolic pressure, note first boom this is systolic, last is diastolic,clean stethoscope.
tachycardia
rapid pulse, more than 100 beats a minute
bradycardia
heart rate slower than normal, less than 60 beats a minute
systolic pressure
when the heart muscle contracts, first heard beat
diastolic pressure
when the heart muscle relaxes, last heard beat
hypertension
person who has a bp consistently high than 140/90
hypotension
lowers than 90/60
orthostatic hypotension
sudden decrease in bp that occurs when a person stands up from a sitting or lying position.
pulse deficit
difference between the apical pulse rate and the radial pulse rate
korotkoff sounds
the sound you hear as the bp cuff deflates
dyspnea
labored breathing, having difficulty breathing
insomnia
inability to fall asleep or stay asleep
sleep apnea
person who stops breathing for varying periods of time during sleep
acute pain
sharp sudden pain
like what occurs after injury
chronic pain
pain that lasts beyond the usual time that it would take for the tissues to heal
pain threshold
the point at which the person becomes aware of the pain
pain tolerance
the level of pain the person can endure before seeking help
how to promote sleep
environment- keep lights dim, noise down, temp comfortable, limit naps, encourage physical activity during the day, avoid caffeinated beverages, offer a bedtime snack, turn off tv or radio before bed.
why do you do perineal care?
prevents infection, prevents skin breakdown and odor
order of complete bed bath
oral care, wash face, neck, ears, arms, abdomen, legs, feet, butt, perineal
who is at risk for a hot/cold application
fair skined people, people with impaired sensations, and impaired consciousness
what does a hot application do?
- relaxes muscles, relives pain, and promotes blood flow
- heat makes blood vessels dilate, allow more blood to flow to tissue
- speeds healing by bringing more oxygen nutrients and infection fighting white blood cells to the area
- reduces swelling and loosens stiff joints
what do cold applications do?
- used for traumas such as sprains or fractures
- reduces pain or swelling
- decreases bleeding by cooling the skin and underlying tissue
- blood vessels constrict
- less blood is carried to the tissues which means less swelling
- numbness of cold reduces pain
