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ABA 1 > Chapters 1-7 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-7 Flashcards

0
Q

Behavior analysis defenition

A

The science that studies environmental events that change behavior

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1
Q

Principle of public events

A

seeking the causes of behavior in public (environmental) events

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2
Q

what is a Behavioral Strategy

A

way of defining human problems as behavioral problems

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3
Q

Steps in applying the behavioral strategy

A 
Behavioral definition
Direct Observation
Reliability and Social Validity
Single-subject experiment
Visual analysis
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4
Q

ABA exploded in popularity in what year

A

1970

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5
Q

Definition of Behavior

A

anything a person does

behavior is physical and it functions to do something

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6
Q

Behavioral Definition

A

a statement that specifies exactly what behavior to observe

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7
Q

Benefits of a behavioral definition

A

Clearer communication with others

More consistent observations

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8
Q

Self-report observations

A

The observer relies on their memory of the behavior

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9
Q

Direct observation

A

The use of a trained observer who personally sees and immediately records their observations
exceptions: Observer can hear behavior or see results

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10
Q

How to increase direct observation accuracy when observing yourself

A

use a behavioral definition

someone else make an independent report

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11
Q

How much of the body does behavior involve?

A

The whole body

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12
Q

Behavior refers to activities that are…

A

obvious, subtle, internal or private

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13
Q

Types of direct observations

A

Outcome recording
Event recording
Interval recording
Time-sample recording

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14
Q

Outcome recording

A

record a response when you see the results of the behavior

Use when the behavior leaves a result

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15
Q

Event recording

A

record a response when you see an instance of the behavior

Use if the behavior is uniform in length

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16
Q

Interval recording

A

record a response if the behavior occurs in one of a series of continuous intervals
Use if behavior is non-uniform in length or occurs in nonuniform episodes

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17
Q

Time-sample recording

A

record a response if the behavior occurs within one of a series of discontinuous intervals (can use to observe multiple people- check on one than the other)
Use to observe a sample of the behavior

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18
Q

Most common method of direct observation

A

event recording

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19
Q

Definition of Reliability

A

agreement between two independent observers

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20
Q

Two conditions of reliability

A

use the same behavioral definition

observe the same responses

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21
Q

Forms of reliability

A

Trial reliability

Frequency reliability

22
Q

Trial reliability

A

compares each observation of two independent observers

Only used for interval and time-sample recording

23
Q

Formula for trial reliability

A

100%xA/(A+D)
A=agreements
D=Disagreements

24
Q

Frequency reliability

A

compares the total count between two observers

Used for event and outcome recording

25
Q

Acceptable goal reliability

A

90% for old definitions

80% for new definitions

26
Q

What is Social Validity

A

The correlation between ratings by outside judges and observations by trained observers
Validates the behavioral definition as well as the social appropriateness of intervention

27
Q

What percentage of journal articles use reliability and what percent use social validity?

A

94% use reliability

29% use social validity

28
Q

Assume the behavioral definition in a question is…

A

old - 90% needed

29
Q

Experimental design is used to…

A

rule out alternative explanations of the results

30
Q

What are the possible alternative explanations

A

Individual differences

Time coincidences

31
Q

Treatment

A

Method introduced to modify the rate of a behavior

32
Q

Baseline

A

The period of an experiment without the treatment

33
Q

What are you doing when you rule out alternative explanations

A

Showing that events other than the treatment did not cause an observed difference

34
Q

Principle of single-subject experiments

A

to expose the same person to the baseline and treatment
Can be more than one person but they all have to be subjected to both conditions
A group treated as a unit counts as a “person”

35
Q

List the types of single-subject experiments

A

Comparison Design
Reversal Design
Multiple-baseline Design

36
Q

Comparison Design

A

An experimental design comparing the baseline condition with the treatment condition
Cannot rule out time coincidences

37
Q

Reversal Design

A

Looks at behavior during baseline, treatment and reversal back to baseline

38
Q

Multiple-baseline Design

A

An experimental design that introduces treatment at different times for two or more behaviors people or situations

39
Q

What is a Backward Design?

A

When you start with the treatment condition first then move to baseline (and back to treatment if it’s reversal)

40
Q

What is one-time treatment?

A

When you can’t undo treatment condition. A skill can’t be unlearned so treatment condition never ends

41
Q

How do you test the generality of an experiment?

A

Repeat the experiment many times with different people

42
Q

Multi-element Design

A

Involves alternating the experimental conditions many times, often every day

43
Q

Group Designs

A

Provide statistical information, compares the treatment to standard treatments rather than finding out what causes the improvement

44
Q

What modifies or changes behavior?

A

Treatment

45
Q

Principle of Visual Analysis

A

to decide whether differences between baseline and treatment look convincing

46
Q

Divided conditions

A

when the ranges on the last three points of two conditions are mutually exclusive

47
Q

Stable condition

A

The last three numbers of one condition are not moving closer to the numbers in the other condition

48
Q

Steps of visual analysis

A

Divided
Stable
Convincing
Treatment cause the difference? - not comparison

49
Q

Convincing

A

Each part must be divided and stable. If one isn’t then the answer is no

50
Q

Why do we observe behaviors?

A

To help people change them

51
Q

How is ABA “applied”?

A

Allowed methods of inquiry to be applied to human behavior

52
Q

What do you do if the behavioral observations are not reliable?

A

Retrain the observers

Revise the behavioral definition to make it clearer

53
Q

What do you do if your beh def isn’t socially valid?

A

Revise the behavioral def to match the meaning used by the judges

ABA 1 (3 decks)

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