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Normal Language > Chapters 1-4 Midterm Review > Flashcards

Chapters 1-4 Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Mean Length utterance is the average number of morphemes in children’s words.

A

false

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2
Q

The method of calculating the number of morphemes in children’s utterances involves counting some 2-3 word phrases as only a single word.

A

true

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3
Q

There are______ morphemes in the following utterance. ”I saw Big Bird”

A

3

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4
Q

The number of morphemes in the following statement are….” My mom works at school.”

A

6

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5
Q

Abilities present at birth in the human brain that are not acquired are known as_________

A

innate

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6
Q

An organized representation of knowledge is also known as a _________

A

schemas

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7
Q

There are three types of neurons, _________, sensory and interneuron

A

motor

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8
Q

Children have an expressive vocabulary of _________ at 24 months.

A

200

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9
Q

When a child learns two languages, the child’s true vocabulary knowledge is scored, rather than the language that is being learned. This is known as ____________.

A

conceptual scoring

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10
Q

When a child labels all animals that are furry and have 4 legs “doggy” it is known as _________

A

overextension

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11
Q

The cognitive process that involves fitting this new entity into an existing schema is called_________

A

assimilation

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12
Q

___________involves changing an existing schema to make the new entity fit

A

accommodation

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13
Q

What is the stage in Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development where children form ideas based on their perceptions

A

preoperational

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14
Q

____________ are things or events that excite infants; sight, sound, touch, taste, or smell

A

stimuli

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15
Q

In this stage of Piaget’s theory of development, Children discover the environment, and learn through sensory perception and motor activity.____________

A

sensorimotor

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16
Q

__________is when children remember that an object exists even if it is not seen

A

object permanence

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17
Q

Between 18-12 months, infants can anticipate events they also establish goals and ways of getting what they want. This is known as _________________

A

means end behavior

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18
Q

When children understand the world through mental operations rather than actions it is known as ____________

A

representational thought

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19
Q

Language and play are both dependent on __________

A

engagement

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20
Q

When children create roles for others in a play scheme is known as __________

A

decentration

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21
Q

Two things that play a role in children’s pretend play are causal cognition and _______

A

counterfactual reasoning

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22
Q

During joint attention when the infant and another person share the same direction of eye gaze, the most significant feature is that ___________

A

they say their first words

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23
Q

_________awareness is a factor in children’s literacy development

A

phonological

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24
Q

___________allows children to hold, process and manipulate information or keep this information in mind

A

working memory

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25
Q

The ability to perceive and understand sounds that are associated with spoken language is _________

A

auditory perception

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26
Q

The first stage of babbling in which the infant produces the same consonant vowel syllables is known as______________

A

reduplicated babbling

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27
Q

Babbling occurs between these months_________

A

5-10

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28
Q

In what stage of infant productions do you hear vegetative sounds such as burping and coughing?

A

reflexive

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29
Q

The speech production that is very similar to an adults speech production in intonation and rhythm and is intermixed with real words is known as_________

A

jargon

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30
Q

The four stages of cognitive skills are: perception, attention, memory, thought and __________

A

reasoning

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31
Q

The knowledge needed to achieve or accomplish a goal. Knowledge that was not explicitly taught or talked about to the infant. Instead, it is knowledge that is possessed by the infant. _________

A

practical intelligence

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32
Q

What is the requirement in understanding pronouns?

A

perspective talking

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33
Q
  1. Prosody is a communicative tool that involves __________, intensity and frequency when producing words.
A

duration

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34
Q

Speech is defined as the verbal means of communicating through____________

A

articulation

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35
Q

Phonemes are the smallest units of sound that create a _________ in meaning

A

meaning

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36
Q

Theory of mind is the ability to understand the mental states of _____________

A

others

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37
Q

A person, place or thing is a ___________.

A

noun

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38
Q

Communication is the process of exchanging information through a speaker’s ideas, _______, feelings, needs, or desires.

A

thoughts

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39
Q

An example of a paralinguistic cue is ______________

A

affect

40
Q

Linguistic competence involves the acquisition and use of ___________, phonology, syntax, and semantics.

A

morphology

41
Q

Phonology is the part of language that is concerned with the ______________of speech sounds for word formation.

A

combination

42
Q

Language is defined as a shared ______ that represents concepts through the use of arbitrary ____________.

A

code, symbols

43
Q

A phonological process describes a child’s production that ___________ from the target word produced by adults.

A

differs

44
Q

Syntax is a component of language that involves ______ for combining words to form sentences.

A

rules

45
Q

Grammar is the description of a language with respect to its components. These are ______, content and use.

A

form

46
Q

Verbs are _____ words

A

action

47
Q

Morphemes are the ____________ distinctive units of words that determine meaning.

A

minimum

48
Q

Semantics describes the ________ that is conveyed by words

A

meaning

49
Q

Pragmatics refers to the appropriate use of language in _____________

A

social interaction

50
Q

A speech act labels a speaker’s __________ or __________

A

intent/meaning

51
Q

Modal auxiliary verbs makes speech more__________

A

polite

52
Q

Cognition involves knowledge and _______________

A

intellectual level

53
Q

Working memory is defined as the holding of _____________in mind as well as updating it when necessary

A

information

54
Q

______________ allows you to know what information is already known by the listener

A

social cognition

55
Q

_______________ refers to the cognitive abilities used to control and coordinate information for planning goals, controlling responses, keeping information, shifting between tasks.

A

executive function

56
Q

Metalinguistic abilities are the ability to think overtly about ___________; manipulate the structural features of phonemes, words or sentences.

A

language

57
Q

__________________ is the child’s self-knowledge of his own language and thought processes.

A

metacognition

58
Q

The Central Nervous system in humans is composed of the ________ and _________

A

brain and spinal cord

59
Q

The basic functional unit of the nervous system. A nerve cell that receives and sends electrical signals within the body.

A

neuron

60
Q

The ability of the brain to change and adapt when the individual is exposed to new experiences is called______________

A

neuroplasticity

61
Q

Chemicals that allow the transmission of signals from one neuron to the next across a synaptic cleft are _______________

A

neurotransmitters

62
Q

Nerve cells that transmit information to the central nervous system that includes sensations: sight, touch, smell, hearing are ____________

A

sensory neurons

63
Q

Nerve cells that transmit directions to muscles for movement are _____________

A

motor neurons

64
Q

____________is the cell body of the neuron and integrates and transmits information to other cells

A

soma

65
Q

The _____________allows transfer of sensory, motor and cognitive information between the two hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

66
Q

The ___________ is the projection of a nerve cell that conducts impulses from the neuron

A

axon

67
Q

The _________is the projection of the nerve cell that conducts impulses to the cell body

A

dendrite

68
Q

The ___________is responsible for control of connected speech efforts important for performance of voluntary actions

A

cerebellum

69
Q

The ____________ is responsible for planning, execution, and monitoring, writing

A

parietal lobe

70
Q

The ___________is responsible for speech reception or understanding of spoken language.

A

temporal lobe

71
Q

____________is the primary auditory area and plays a role in processing linguistic information

A

heschls gyrus

72
Q

____________is located in the left frontal lobe and is responsible for speech production

A

Brocas area

73
Q

____________is located in the temporal lobe and is responsible for understanding sounds

A

Wernicke’s area

74
Q

A bundle of nerve fibers that connects Broca’s are to Wernicke’s area is the ____________

A

arcuate fasciculus

75
Q

This cranial nerve is involved in facial expression._______

A

VII

76
Q

This cranial nerve is innervates the speech production muscles._______

A

V

77
Q

This cranial nerve is involved in the function of the tongue and pharynx.________

A

IX

78
Q

___________is the ability to discriminate between sounds.

A

categorical perception

79
Q

A sheet that covers some neurons and allows the electrical stimulation to move faster from neuron to neuron is the ________________.

A

myelin

80
Q

The ___________ is the space between neurons.

A

synaptic cleft

81
Q

The _________lobe is responsible for visual sensory input.

A

occipital lobe

82
Q

Is a type of neuron that fires when individuals perceive the facial expressions or actions of others

A

mirror neuron

83
Q

The ability to draw conclusions from written text is known as _______________

A

abstract thought

84
Q

A subcortical structure that plays a role in reading and language processing is the ____________.

A

basal ganglia

85
Q

_________________ Is the relay station, conveying information to and from the cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

86
Q

The ability to understand others’ mental states, such as an individual’s beliefs, intents and wishes is ____

A

theory of mind

87
Q

An innate language acquisition device (LAD) allows children to establish grammatical information from spoken language.

A

principles and parameters

88
Q

Language develops through experience with language as it is used in the environment. Language information is gained from interaction with peers and adults with more advanced language skills.

A

social interaction

89
Q

Language develops through pattern finding for language used across different situations.

A

emergentism

90
Q

Children learn through schemas, consisting of psychological structures that allow children to attach meaning to entities.

A

cognitive

91
Q

_______________are innate language general rules that include general principles that apply to all languages.

A

principles

92
Q

_____________are psychological structures that allow children to understand, attach meaning and organize knowledge about entities they are exposed to in the environment.

A

schemas

93
Q

________________are language specific rules that apply to the specific syntactic structure for different languages.

A

parameters

94
Q

__________________ is the approach frequently used by adults to support learning language.

A

scaffolding

95
Q

_______________is the ability to produce words for entities or events that are out of sight.

A

object permanence

96
Q

________________describes the distance between a child’s actual development and ta child’s and his potential development.

A

zone of proximal development

Normal Language (6 decks)

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