Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Criminal Investigation > Chapters 1-4 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What was a communication provided by the perpetrators to the police in the Beltway Snipers case?

A

I am God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are three most common activities performed in investigations?

A
  1. Searching for victims and witnesses
  2. Interviewing for victims and witnesses
  3. Reading and writing reports
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stings, decoys, undercover fencing operations, and stay counts are what types of investigations?

A

Undercover Investigations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are three reasons why the police solve so “few” crimes?

A
  1. Nature and structure of crime
  2. Police are reactive
  3. Police power limited by law
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the process of collecting crime-related information in order to reach certain goals?

A

Criminal Investigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When investigating crimes like homicide, robbery, and rape, what type of investigation is typically being conducted?

A

Reactive Investigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do cases drop out as they progress through the criminal justice system?

A
  • Crimes are not reported to the police
  • Crimes are not solved by the police
  • Some crimes are not a police matter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are solvability factors?

A

The particulars of a case that increase the likelihood of that case being solved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the ultimate goal of the criminal investigation process?

A

To reduce crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In what situation can a follow-up investigation be conducted?

A

A case not solved during initial investigation that was screened for solvability factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why can criminal investigations be seen like a puzzle?

A
  • Some pieces are missing
  • The pieces must be found
  • Some pieces do not belong to this puzzle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

According to your text, why do people NOT report crimes?

A
  • Claim the crime was a “personal matter”

- Claim the crime was “not important”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name three problems with evidence in criminal investigations.

A
  1. Relevance
  2. Too much evidence
  3. Accuracy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

One of the problems with the thief-taker system was what?

A

worked for the rich and not the poor; worked in cooperation with thieves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The necessity of detectives receiving salaries is highlighted because of problems associated with the what?

A

Thief-maker system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Making detectives reactive and assigning them to cases reduce the likelihood that detectives what?

A

could trick people into committing crimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The mid-1800s to the early 1900s in American policing has been characterized as what?

A

political era of policing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The premise of _______ was that the bone structures of an adult did not change over the course of a lifetime.

A

Bertillonage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What era of policing used investigative tactics like the dragnet roundup of suspects and the third degree?

A

Political era of policing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are three kinds of behavior associated with the third degree?

A
  1. Beatings with a rubber hose
  2. Placing a suspect in a sweat box for hours
  3. Drilling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are three strategies mentioned in the textbook that provide opportunities for residents to share information with the police in solving crimes?

A
  1. Tip lines
  2. School liaison officers
  3. Police involvement in community watch groups
22
Q

What are three developments in criminal investigation that has occurred during the community problem-solving era of policing?

A
  1. DNA analysis as a method of identification
  2. COMPSTAT
  3. Large computer networks & data banks
23
Q

A _________ was a collection of photographs used for the purpose of criminal identification.

A

Rouges Gallery

24
Q

Rounding up the usual suspects often took the form of, or was also known as, a(n)?

A

Dragnet

25
Q

During the time of parliamentary reward, the work of detectives was most likely linked to which crime?

A

Murder

26
Q

A knife used in a homicide is best considered what type of evidence?

A

Real evidence

27
Q

What type of evidence is used to construct a psychological profile?

A

Behavioral evidence

28
Q

A statement of a 5th witness that provides the same details as for other witnesses is an example of ______.

A

Cumulative evidence

29
Q

Diagrams of a crime scene are considered what type of evidence?

A

Demonstrative evidence

30
Q

Hearsay is most often excluded from court proceedings because it is considered what?

A

unreliable

31
Q

The standard of proof needed in court in order to conclude that a defendant is guilty of a crime is ________.

A

Beyond a reasonable doubt

32
Q

_________ is evidence that is admissible in court, and it meets the rules of evidence.

A

Judicial evidence

33
Q

Dental evidence in fingerprints are often used as what type of evidence?

A

Identification evidence

34
Q

An eyewitness saw the defendant put poison in the victim’s food. The eyewitness statement about this observation is __________ that the defendant put poison in the victim’s food.

A

Direct evidence

35
Q

Amy previously threatened to kill Jake. This threat represents _______ evidence that Amy killed Jake.

A

Indirect

36
Q

The legal question what would a reasonable person have thought or done under these circumstances relates to _________.

A

Probable cause

37
Q

What does reasonable suspicion apply to?

A

stop and frisk searches

38
Q

What is the definition of probable cause as defined by the authors of your textbook?

A
  • A standard of proof necessary to justify most searches and to make an arrest.
  • Convinces a reasonable person that particular circumstances exist
39
Q

Evidence that is excluded from trial because it was wrongfully obtained is known as _______.

A

Incompetent evidence

40
Q

What does the chain of custody refer to as?

A

the record of individuals who maintained control over the physical evidence from the time it was obtained by the police to when it was introduced in court.

41
Q

What amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?

A

The Fourth Amendment

42
Q

What is the good-faith exception associated with?

A

The Exclusionary rule

43
Q

What is the primary function of the exclusionary rule?

A

to deter unlawful police, conduct in search and seizure cases

44
Q

What does the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution relate to as?

A

Protects citizens against self-incrimination

45
Q

When do the police not have to advise suspects of their Miranda warnings?

A

Prior to a roadside questioning of a motorist

46
Q

Evidence that has some bearing on the case on some fact trying to be established is __________.

A

relevant

47
Q

The rationale for the ________ _________ exception to the search warrant requirement is that, without immediate action, the suspect may escape, may destroy evidence, or pose a threat to the police.

A

exigent circumstance’s

48
Q

When does an arrest occur by the police?

A

when a person is taken into custody for the purpose of prosecution or interrogation

49
Q

List three situations that warrant either reasonable suspicion or probable cause.

A
  1. stop a vehicle
  2. stop and frisk
  3. order occupants out of a vehicle
50
Q

The decision in Miranda required the police to read suspects their Miranda warnings when a suspect is _________ and prior to _______.

A

in custody; interrogation

Criminal Investigation (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions