Chapters 1-3 Quiz 1 Flashcards
items and products used in the prevention and treatment of oral disease
dental materials
what are four examples of dental materials?
tools and products used to do any dental procedure
filling materials
tooth whitening materials
prophy paste
what type of dental materials do hygienists typically use?
preventative
what is the purpose of studying dental materials?
understand the behavior of materials
handle materials properly
assess and treat the patient
educate the patient
the council on scientific affairs of the ada evaluates ________, _______, __________, and _________
dental drugs, materials, instruments, and equipment
evaluation through the council on scientific affairs of the ada involves submitting data to prove that the dental material is _______ and ______
safe and effective
successful evaluation of the ada is called what?
ada seal
is the ada seal required for dental products?
no
who has to approve dental products in order to be sold?
fda
least regulated; only good manufacturing is required (prophy paste and brushes)
class I medical devices
gain ada approval after being shown to be equivalent to products currently in use (composite and amalgam)
class II medical devices
most regulated; require premarket approval by the fda (bone graft material)
class III medical devices
products that are marked with a symbol on their packaging have been approved by who?
international standards organization
tooth colored restoration material
composite
silver filling restorative material
amalgam
are composite and amalgam restorations completed intraorally or extra orally?
intraorally
restoration that covers areas between cusps
inlays
restoration that covers at least one whole cusp
onlays
are inlays and onlays made inside or outside of the mouth?
outside
used to restore teeth when a substantial amount of tooth structure is missing
crowns
crowns cover and support the remaining tooth structure and are __________
cemented in place
what materials can crowns be made of?
gold, porcelain, or metal
replace a lost tooth or teeth
bridges
replaces the missing tooth/teeth
pontic
parts of bridge that are crowned to support pontic
abutment
are bridges fabricated inside or outside of the mouth?
outside
complete and partial dentures can replace missing _____, _______, and _________ after teeth have been lost
teeth, bone, and gingiva
a negative copy of intra-oral structure (puddy like substance called alginate)
impression
positive copy of structure that results when stone is poured into an alginate impression
cast
study models and diagnosis casts are when completed stone casts are used to study the size and position of intraoral tissues
models
hold things together
luting agents
placed between tissue and dental materials to provide protection
bases and liners
planned to be replaced in a short amount of time
temporary materials
prevent injury during athletic activities
mouthguards
protects teeth/tmj from effects of clenching or grinding
nightguards
prevent decay
sealants
remove stain, plaque, and debris
polishing materials
bands/elastics/ortho brackets
specialty materials
typically screws or posts anchored into alveolar bone to support a restoration
implant materials
dental materials can be classified by what three things?
use
location of fabrication
longevity of use
materials used to replace lost oral tissue
restorative materials
restorative materials that simulate the appearance of what they are replacing
esthetic materials
restorations that are constructed directly in the oral cavity
direct restorative materials
materials fabricated outside of the mouth because processing conditions would harm the oral tissues
indirect restorative materials
what are the three classifications by longevity of use?
permanent, temporary, and interim
atomic bonds are weak and easily broken, have no molecular organization, and take on the shape of the container they fill
atomic bonds in gases
the atomic bonds are stronger than gases, but not strong enough to carry a load or maintain shape without support, with chains repeating 5-10 times
atomic bonds in liquids
a consistent spatial relationship between the atoms, but they are still short enough to allow for fluidity
short range order
strongest attraction between atoms and molecules, maintain shape and resist external forces
atomic bonds in solids
have strong atomic bonds with long-range order
crystalline solids
have strong atomic bonds with short-range order
amorphous solids
the strong bonds between atoms that involve the transfer or sharing of electrons
primary bonds
result of partial charges from an uneven distribution of electrons around an atom or molecule
secondary bonds
what are the three types of primary bonds?
ionic, covalent, and metallic
results when an electron is given up by and atom and accepted by another
ionic bonds
in an ionic bond, the atoms that gives up the electron becomes a ______ ion
positive
in an ionic bond, the atom that receives the electron becomes a _______ ion
negative
when two atoms share a pair of electrons
covalent bonds
sharing many electrons by all the atoms in the material
metallic bonds
the result of partial charges from an uneven distribution of electrons
secondary bonds
what are the types of secondary bonds?
permanent dipoles, hydrogen bonds, and fluctuating dipoles
weak bond but have a significant effect on the behavior of electrons
permanent dipoles
strongest secondary bond
hydrogen bond
weakest secondary bond
fluctuating bond
held together with metallic bonds
metals
the atoms of a _______ material are bonded with ionic bonds
ceramic
ceramic materials are ______ when compressed, but ______ and ______ when pulled or bent
strong, weak and brittle
the advantage of using ceramic materials is the range of ________
colors
_______ or plastics are made of long chains of covalently bonded, repeating units
polymers
polymers that are soft, weak, and flexible
plastics or rubber
polymers that are hard, stiff, and strong
resins or glassy polymers
used to make bleaching trays, fluoride trays, and oral appliances
moldable polymers
materials that are made of two or more different materials
composities
composites are a common mixture of _____ and _______
polymer and ceramic
a mixture of two-phase materials: gases, liquids, or solids
colloids
colloids are _____ of one material in another
suspensions
the ideal restorative material would be ______ to natural tooth structure in strength, adherence, and appearance
identical
restorative materials should be mechanically ______ and _______
resistant to _______ and
dimensionally ________
stable and durable
corrosion
stable
describe mass, energy, force, light, heat, electricity, and other properties
physical properties
subgroup of physical properties that describe a materials ability to resist forces
mechanical properties
describe the setting reactions as well as the decay or degradation of materials
chemical properties
the effects the materials have on living tissue
biological properties
the amount or mass of a material in a given volume
density
as the atomic number increases, so does the ______
density
higher density =
heavier
when an object melts or boils, the atomic bonds between the atoms or molecules are broken by the _______ of the material
thermal energy
a measure of a liquid’s tendency to evaporate and become a gas
vapor pressure
as the temperature of a liquid increases, the vapor pressure _______
increases
materials with a low vapor pressure ________ evaporate quickly
do not
materials with a high vapor pressure evaporate at ________
room temperature
the rate of heat flow through a material
thermal conductivity
amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a material
heat capacity
amount of energy required to melt a material
heat of fusion
amount of energy required to boil a material
heat of vaporization
a measure of the change in volume in relation to the change in temperature
coefficient of thermal expansion
the opening and closing of gaps around materials
percolation
electrical conductivity affects _____
corrosion
the ability of a material to flow
viscosity
viscosity is dependent on _______
temperature
the ability of a viscous material to flow easily enough that it can do what it is supposed to
wetting
high viscosity = high contact angle =
poor wetting
low viscosity = low contact angle =
good wetting
used to measure the hardness of softer materials like alginate for impressions
durometers
wear resistance of a dental material
abrasion resistance
the ability of a material to resist scratching or indentation
hardness
amount of material that dissolves in a liquid such as water
solubility
when a material absorbs water
water sorption
the strength or color saturation of a certain hue
chroma
the ability of a material to expand from its original shape when force is applied and its ability to contract back into that shape when a force is released
elasticity
the change in length divided by the original length
strain
the force that develops in a loaded object
stress
pushing/crushing stress
compression
pulling stress
tension
sliding stress
shear
twisting stress
torsion
compression + tension stress
bending
ability of a material to absorb energy without becoming deformed
resilience
the amount of energy a material can absorb before it breaks
toughness
measure of energy required to fracture a material when a crack in present
fracture toughness
the amount of stress a material can take over time before it breaks or fails
fatigue
small changes in shape that occur when a material is under continuous compression
creep
seeping and leaking of fluids and bacteria between the tooth and restoration junction
microleakage
dental materials are chemical substances and as such may cause harm
toxic effects
caries affecting pits and fissures on occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth
class I caries
carries affecting proximal surfaces on molars and premolars
class II caries
caries affecting proximal surface of anterior teeth
class III caries
caries affecting proximal including incisor angles of anterior teeth
class IV caries
caries affecting gingival 1/3 of facial or lingual surfaces of anterior or posterior teeth
class V caries
caries affecting incise edges of all anterior teeth and cusp tips of posterior teeth
class VI caries
